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目的探讨母亲孕期生活习惯与早产低体重和足月低体重的关系。方法运用整群抽样方法,采用自编孕期健康调查问卷对2015年8月—2016年5月在广东省江门市14家医院住院分娩的1 964名产妇及其新生儿进行调查,应用二水平logistic回归模型进行多因素分析。结果早产低体重组、足月低体重组和正常体重组分别为294、289和1 381名;3组被动吸烟率分别为36.39%、38.41%和33.09%,饮酒率分别为2.72%、3.11%和1.59%。在调整了其他因素后,与母亲孕期基本不锻炼相比,孕期体育锻炼1~3次/周(AOR=0.58,95%CI=0.40~0.86)和≥4次/周(AOR=0.54,95%CI=0.37~0.78)均是早产低体重的保护因素;在足月低体重儿中,与母亲孕期平均每天使用电子设备时长<1 h相比,使用1~2 h(AOR=0.61,95%CI=0.40~0.93)、3~4 h(AOR=0.55,95%CI=0.35~0.86)和>4 h(AOR=0.57,95%CI=0.37~0.89)的母亲其新生儿发生低体重的危险均降低;母亲孕期被动吸烟(AOR=1.36,95%CI=1.02~1.81)是足月低体重的危险因素。结论母亲孕期生活习惯会影响低体重儿的发生,且在早产低体重儿和足月低体重儿中存在差异,应采取相应的干预措施降低低体重儿的发生。
Objective To explore the relationship between maternal pregnancy habits and low birth weight and full-term low birth weight. Methods A total of 1 644 pregnant women and their newborns hospitalized in 14 hospitals in Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province from August 2015 to May 2016 were surveyed by using cluster sampling method and self-compiled pregnancy health questionnaire. Two-level logistic Regression model for multivariate analysis. Results The rates of passive smoking in preterm low-weight group, full-term low-body weight group and normal weight group were 294,289 and 1,381, respectively. The passive smoking rates were 36.39%, 38.41% and 33.09% in the three groups respectively. The drinking rates were 2.72% and 3.11% And 1.59%. After adjusting for other factors, compared with no exercise during pregnancy, there was no significant difference in the physical activity during pregnancy (AOR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.40-0.86) and ≥4 times per week (AOR = 0.54, 95 % CI = 0.37 ~ 0.78) were all protective factors for preterm birth and low birth weight. Compared with the average daily usage of electronic devices during the first trimester (<1 h) (AOR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.35-0.86) and> 4 hours (AOR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.37-0.89) in mothers with low birth weight (AOR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.02-1.81) were the risk factors of term low body weight. Conclusion The pregnancy habits of mothers will affect the incidence of low birth weight children, and there are differences in low birth weight premature children and full - term low birth weight infants, should take appropriate interventions to reduce the incidence of low birth weight infants.