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本文对杏叶梨、秋子梨、砂梨、木梨和豆梨等5种梨属植物的核型进行了研究后指出;梨属植物的染色体均小形,其最大染色体与最小染色体长度之比都小于2,属于“2A”型。这点,与苹果核型很相似。杏叶梨的三倍体,经证实是同源三倍体。本研究中5个种的核型各异,可以分别构成一个独立的种。例如杏叶梨2n=3X=51=24m+27sm,秋子梨2n=2X=34=16m+14sm+4st,砂梨2n=2X=34=20m+12sm(2SAT)+2st(1SAT),木梨2n=2X=34=22m+10sm+2st(1SAT)和豆梨2n=2X=34=26m+8sm。比较10个种的核型,认为豆梨可能是梨属植物的一个原始种。根据核型分类的观点提出了梨属植物的进化示意图。
In this paper, the karyotypes of five species of Pyrus, such as apricot, pear, pear, pear and pear, were studied. The chromosomes of pear were all small, and the ratio of the largest chromosome to the smallest chromosome was less than 2, Belongs to “2A” type. This is similar to apple karyotype. Triploids apricot triploid, proved to be autotetraploid. The karyotypes of the five species in this study were different and could constitute an independent species. For example, 2n = 3X = 51 = 24m + 27sm, 2n = 2X = 34 = 16m + 14sm + 4st, 2n = 2X = 34 = 20m + 12sm (2SAT) + 2st = 2X = 34 = 22m + 10sm + 2st (1SAT) and Pear 2n = 2X = 34 = 26m + 8sm. Comparison of karyotypes of 10 species, that Pear may be a primitive species of Pyrus. Based on the karyotype classification point of view, the evolution of Pyrus is proposed.