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对近１５年收治１５８例风湿热［含急性风湿热（ＡＲＦ）１３６例及风湿性心脏病（ＲＨＤ）２２例］患儿的临床资料进行分析。结果表明，８０年代以来，风湿热发病从未间断，近５年有增加趋势（８３／１５８，５２．５％）。１３６例ＡＲＦ中９６例（７０．６％）出现心脏炎，以隐匿型心脏炎诊断者１７例，占１７．７％（１７／９６），余７９例（８２．３％）为典型急性心脏炎；慢性ＲＨＤ２２例，其瓣膜损害以二尖瓣关闭不全（ＭＩ）多见（６８．２％，１５／２２），均合并慢性充血性心力衰竭（ＣＨＦ）；死亡３例，其中２例合并感染性心内膜炎（ＩＥ）、脑栓塞、呼吸衰竭死亡，１例因难治性ＣＨＦ、淤血性肝硬化致肝功能衰竭、肝性脑病死亡。住院期间，ＡＲＦ患儿，经正规治疗，尤其大剂量较长疗程（１～２月）青霉素静注，严格卧床休息及控制ＣＨＦ等对症处理，５０．０％患儿抗＂Ｏ＂下降或正常，４９．１％患儿心脏杂音减轻或消失。认为，坚持长期、规律地药物预防复发及防治ＩＥ是降低ＲＨＤ发生率和病死率的有效措施。
The clinical data of 158 cases of rheumatic fever (including 136 cases of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and 22 cases of rheumatic heart disease (RHD)] were analyzed in the past 15 years. The results show that since the 1980s, the incidence of rheumatic fever has never stopped, the trend has increased in the past 5 years (83/158, 52.5%). Cardiac inflammation occurred in 96 cases (70.6%) in 136 cases of ARF, 17 cases (17/96) in diagnosis of occult cardiitis, and 79 cases (82.3%) in typical acute heart Inflammation; chronic rhinitis in 22 cases, the valve damage to mitral regurgitation (MI) more common (68.2%, 15/22), were associated with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF); 3 died, of which 2 were merged Infective endocarditis (IE), cerebral embolism, respiratory failure death, 1 case of refractory CHF, liver cirrhosis caused by liver failure, hepatic encephalopathy death. During hospitalization, ARF children, formal treatment, especially large doses of a longer course (January to February) penicillin intravenous injection, strict bed rest and control CHF and other symptomatic treatment, 50.0% of children with anti-“O” decline or normal , 49.1% of children with heart murmur to reduce or disappear. That, adhere to long-term, regular prevention and treatment of drug relapse and prevention of IE is to reduce the incidence of RHD and mortality effective measures.