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目的:了解孕期营养分析与指导在临床中的重要作用。方法:以2008年1～12在该院建卡、分娩、接受营养分析与指导的孕产妇为实验组,转卡、流动卡和没有任何营养咨询和营养分析的为对照组,对其围生期的母婴健康状况进行分析比较。结果:实验组1 355例中饮食结构不合理为61.48%;高糖高脂饮食结构为46.57%;营养素缺乏前5位分别是:碘40.81%、钙37.78%、叶酸29.89%、铁16.24%、锌15.20%;脂肪分布情况:超量21.11%、严重超量36.09%;在1 355例孕妇糖筛查中阳性率为32.25%,糖耐量受损率为3.32%,妊娠期糖尿病2.36%;实验组中GCT(+)、GIGT、GDM的孕妇分别进行饮食结构分析、体重监测和巨大儿发生率统计为:高糖高脂饮食分别为:58.58%、64.44%、75.00%;孕期体重增长过快或过多的为:71.17%、75.56%、87.50%;巨大儿发生率分别为28.15%、62.22%、68.75%。围生期实验组孕妇剖宫产、产科的合并症(并发症)、巨大儿发生率、混合或人工喂养、乳汁不足质量差等明显比对照组母婴发生率低。结论:通过合理的营养分析与指导、适量的运动,控制孕妇体重和血糖来减少孕产妇产科的合并症(并发症),降低巨大儿的发生率,有明显临床效果。
Objective: To understand the important role of nutrition analysis and guidance during pregnancy in clinical practice. Methods: From January to December in 2008, the pregnant women who took cards, gave birth, received nutritional analysis and guidance as the experimental group, the transfer card, the mobile card and the control group without any nutrition consultation and nutrition analysis, Period of maternal and child health status analysis and comparison. Results: In the experimental group, 1 355 cases had an unreasonable diet structure of 61.48%, high glucose and high fat diet structure was 46.57%, and the top five nutrients were iodine 40.81%, calcium 37.78%, folic acid 29.89% and iron 16.24% Zinc 15.20%; fat distribution: over 21.11%, severe over 36.09%; in 1 355 pregnant women sugar screening positive rate was 32.25%, impaired glucose tolerance rate was 3.32%, gestational diabetes 2.36%; experiment Dietary analysis of the pregnant women with GCT (+), GIGT and GDM were conducted respectively. The weight monitoring and the incidence of macrosomia were as follows: high glucose and high fat diet were 58.58%, 64.44% and 75.00% respectively; Or excessive: 71.17%, 75.56%, 87.50%; the incidence of giant children were 28.15%, 62.22%, 68.75%. Perinatal period pregnant women with cesarean section, obstetric complications (complications), the incidence of macrosomia, mixed or artificial feeding, poor quality of milk, etc. were significantly lower than the incidence of maternal and infant control group. Conclusion: The reasonable clinical nutrition analysis and guidance, proper exercise, weight control and blood sugar control can reduce maternal obstetrics and gynecology complications (complications) and reduce the incidence of macrosomia with obvious clinical effects.