Wolbachia是广泛分布在昆虫体内的一类共生菌,能通过多种机制调节宿主的生殖方式,包括诱导宿主精卵细胞质不亲和(CI)、孤雌生殖、雌性化、杀雄等,其中细胞质不亲和为最普遍的表型,即感染Wolbachia的雄性和未感染或感染不同品系Wolbachia的雌性宿主交配后,受精卵不能正常发育,在胚胎期死亡。多数CI胚胎在第1次分裂时,来自父本的染色质浓缩缺陷,导致父本遗传物质无法正常分配到子细胞中,因而引起胚胎死亡。守门员模型认为,产生CI可能需要有两种因子,其中之一使得精子发生修饰改变,导致受精后雄性原核发育滞后。第2种因子可能与Wolbachia的原噬菌体有关,在胚胎发育后期导致胚胎死亡。近期的研究已发现,在Wolbachia感染的宿主中,一些与生殖细胞发生和繁殖相关基因的表达发生了显著改变,Wolbachia可能因此对宿主的生殖产生重大影响,进而导致CI的产生。本文主要综述了CI的细胞学表型、解释CI的模型及其分子机理,向读者展示一个小小的细菌是如何通过精妙的策略影响昆虫宿主的繁殖,从而实现其自身的生存和传播的。 Wolbachia is a kind of commensal bacteria widely distributed in insects. It can regulate host’s reproductive system through a variety of mechanisms, including inducing host cytoplasm incompatibility (CI), parthenogenesis, feminization and killing male, among which cytoplasm Incompatibility is the most common phenotype, ie males infected with Wolbachia and female hosts not infected or infected with different strains of Wolbachia can not develop normally and die during the embryo. Most CI embryos at the first division, from the paternal chromatin condensation defects, resulting in the normal distribution of paternal genetic material can not be sub-cells, and thus cause embryonic death. The goalkeeper model argues that two factors may be needed to produce a CI, one of which causes sperm modification to change, resulting in a delayed lag in male pronucleus after fertilization. The second factor may be related to Wolbachia’s prophage, leading to embryonic death later in embryogenesis. Recent studies have found that in Wolbachia infected hosts, some of the genes involved in germline generation and reproduction have undergone significant changes, and Wolbachia may therefore have a major impact on the host’s reproduction, leading to the production of CI. This article reviews the cytological phenotype of CI, the model of CI and its molecular mechanism, and shows the reader how a tiny bacteria affects the propagation of insect hosts through exquisite strategies to achieve its own survival and spread.