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选取四川省射洪、仁寿、广安3个典型丘陵农业生态区,调查了各区域2004-2012年的玉米-大豆套作复合群体的产量及其构成因素的变化,探讨了玉豆套作复合群体最大理论产量及其同各构成因素间的关系。结果表明,就玉米-大豆套作而言,四川存在大面积的中低产地块,其比例高达80.2%。根据实际产量计算获得的射洪、仁寿、广安玉豆复合群体最大理论产量显著高于各自的实际最高产量,说明提升潜力巨大。通径分析表明,在不同区域内,复合群体主要的产量构成因素对群体产量的贡献率有差异,其中大豆和玉米的有效株数最为重要。此外,土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮、速效钾含量的差异,是导致复合群体产量差异的主要肥力因素。因此,玉米大豆套作高产栽培技术应以增加播种密度为核心,提高玉米有效穗数和大豆有效株数,辅以有效的土壤改良措施,这是玉豆复合群体高产、稳产的重要保证。
Three typical hilly agro-ecological zones of Shehong, Renshou and Guang’an in Sichuan Province were selected to investigate the changes of the yield and its components of the maize-soybean intercropping population in different regions from 2004 to 2012. The maximum theoretical yield and its relationship with the various components. The results show that in the case of corn-soybean intercropping, there is a large area of middle-low yield land in Sichuan, with a high proportion of 80.2%. The maximum theoretical yield of Shehong, Renshou and Guang’an-Yudou compound population calculated according to the actual yield was significantly higher than their actual maximum yield, indicating that the potential for ascension is huge. Path analysis shows that in different regions, the main yield components of composite population have different contribution rates to group yield, and the effective number of soybean and maize is the most important. In addition, the differences of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, and available potassium were the main fertility factors that led to the differences in the yield of the compound population. Therefore, corn high-yielding soybean cultivation techniques should be to increase the planting density as the core, to increase the effective panicle number of maize and soybean effective number of plants, combined with effective soil improvement measures, which is an important guarantee for high yield and stable yield of Yudou compound population.