采用电子束焊接方法对3003铝合金进行基体自熔焊,通过调整电子束流、焊接速度、聚焦电流,观察焊接参数对焊缝形貌的影响,并分析对接焊接头的组织和力学性能。结果表明:电子束流、焊接速度对焊缝成形影响显著,在保证熔透的前提下,热输入小的焊接规范有利于获得更好的接头质量。利用理想的参数组合进行焊接,得到的焊缝组织主要由中心区细小的等轴晶和熔合线附近柱状晶组成,接头的抗拉强度为母材的73%,断后伸长率为8.63%,断裂形式为韧性断裂。 The effects of welding parameters on the weld morphology were observed by adjusting electron beam current, welding speed and focusing current by electron beam welding method. The microstructure and mechanical properties of butt welded joints were analyzed. The results show that the effects of electron beam current and welding speed on the weld formation are significant. Under the precondition of penetration penetration, the small heat input can promote the quality of joint. Using the ideal combination of parameters for welding, the resulting weld microstructure mainly consists of small equiaxed grains in the central area and columnar grains near the weld line. The joint tensile strength is 73% of the base metal and the elongation after fracture is 8.63% Fracture form of ductile fracture.