16和17世纪的英国正处在由封建主义过渡到资本主义的时期,在政治上是君主专制时代,经济上实行重商主义政策。专制君主为了巩固统治和维持奢华生活,需要耗费大量金钱,而过多的赋税便会妨碍工商业的发展,并同市民阶级之间发生矛盾。由此,赋税问题成为君主、贵族、官僚和市民之间斗争的核心问题,最终成为1640年爆发的英国资产阶级革命的导火索。配第出生于一个手工业者的家庭,从事过很多职业,从商船上的服务员、水 Britain in the 16th and 17th centuries was at a time of transition from feudalism to capitalism. It was politically monarchy era with economically mercantilist policies. In order to consolidate the rule and maintain a luxurious life, the despots need to spend a great deal of money. Excess taxes will hinder the development of industry and commerce and contradict the civic classes. As a result, the issue of taxation became the central issue in the struggle between monarchs, aristocrats, bureaucrats and citizens, and eventually became the fuse for the British bourgeois revolution that broke out in 1640. With the first was born in a handicraft family, engaged in many occupations, from the merchant on board the waiter, water