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通过大田试验,研究了沟垄集雨种植结合不同补灌量处理对冬小麦光合器官、光合速率、产量和水分利用效率的影响.结果表明:沟垄宽度各为60 cm时,集雨种植不灌溉(T1)、返青期种植沟补灌375 m3·hm-2(T2)和种植沟补灌750 m3·hm-2(T3)3个处理较平作灌水750 m3·hm-2(畦灌,T4)处理的小麦籽粒产量分别提高2.8%、9.6%和18.9%,收获系数提高2.0%~8.5%,旗叶叶绿素含量提高41.9%~64.4%,整个生育期内0~40 cm土壤含水量增加了0.1%~4.6%;开花期和灌浆期的叶片光合速率分别较T4处理提高了22.3%~54.2%和-4.3%~67.2%,农田总水分利用效率较T4处理分别提高17.9%、10.4%和15.4%,比平作不灌水处理(CK)提高69.3%、58.6%和65.7%;降水利用效率较CK提高94.3%~124.5%;T2、T3处理各生育阶段叶面积均显著高于T4处理,灌溉水利用效率分别比T4处理提高119.1%和18.8%.在灌溉量减少50%的条件下,集雨种植比畦灌处理能维持较高的籽粒产量,显著提高灌溉水利用效率,尤其是在降雨量偏少的年份,可以显著提高小麦水分利用效率.
The field experiments were conducted to study the effects of irrigation and furrow planting on the photosynthetic organs, photosynthetic rate, yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat with different irrigation treatments. The results showed that: (T1), 375 m3 · hm-2 (T2) and 750 m3 · hm-2 (T3) of planting irrigation and furrow irrigation in the turning-green stage were more stable than those of 750 m3 · hm-2 The grain yield of treated wheat increased by 2.8%, 9.6% and 18.9%, the harvest coefficient increased by 2.0% -8.5%, the flag leaf chlorophyll content increased by 41.9% -64.4%, and the water content of 0-40 cm soil increased by 0.1 % ~ 4.6%. The leaf photosynthetic rate at flowering stage and filling stage increased by 22.3% -54.2% and -4.3% -67.2% than T4 treatment, respectively. The total water use efficiency of farmland increased by 17.9%, 10.4% and 15.4 %, Which increased by 69.3%, 58.6% and 65.7% respectively compared with no-irrigation treatment (CK). The efficiency of precipitation utilization was increased by 94.3% -124.5% compared with that of CK. The leaf area of T2 and T3 treatments was significantly higher than that of T4 treatment and irrigation water Utilization efficiency increased by 119.1% and 18.8% respectively than T4 treatment.When the irrigation amount decreased by 50%, the rainwater harvesting could maintain a higher grain yield than the irrigation treatment , Significantly increased water use efficiency of irrigation, especially less than normal rainfall year, the wheat can be significantly improved water use efficiency.