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我国对自然灾害发生的地区实施了“免费午餐”式的临时生活救助政策、后续生活救助政策以及我国现行的社会生活救助政策,在保障群众基本生活方面发挥了巨大的作用。但是其中一些隐性的缺陷逐渐出现,如灾区群众与非灾区群众、灾区困难群众与灾区非困难群众争讨“免费午餐”、接受救助的权利主体在救灾过程中“多被动服从,少主动参与”、社会生活救助方式上“重外部注入,轻内部培植”等,这些问题的出现就导致了奖懒罚勤、贫困陷阱和公平缺失等不良后果,造成了救助功能的缺失。基于上述分析,笔者从权利与义务对等的视角提出科学规制各种相应的政策及法律法规,制定权利主体义务的量化标准,设置相应的监督和奖励机制,采取多渠道的社会生活救助方式等相关对策以弥补现行救助体系的缺陷。
China has implemented “free luncheon” temporary living assistance policy, follow-up living assistance policy and our current social assistance policy in the areas where natural disasters occur. They have played a huge role in ensuring the basic livelihood of the masses. However, some of the hidden defects gradually emerged. For example, people in disaster-stricken areas and non-disaster-hit areas, people in disaster-stricken areas and non-disaster-stricken people in the stricken area contested “free lunches ”, subjects receiving assistance were “passively submissive, Less active participation ”,“ social assistance on the way to ”focus on external injection, light internal cultivation ", the emergence of these problems led to the lazy and punishments, poverty trap and fair lack of adverse consequences, resulting in the rescue function Missing. Based on the above analysis, the author proposes various corresponding policies and laws and regulations scientifically from the perspective of the equivalence of rights and obligations, formulates the quantitative standard of obligation of rights subject, sets up corresponding supervision and reward mechanism, adopts multi-channel social life aid method, etc. Relevant countermeasures to make up for the shortcomings of the current aid system.