目的探讨弥漫增生型狼疮性肾炎（ＤＰＬＮ）的病理参数即活动性指数（ＡＩ）及慢性指数（ＣＩ）与病程、临床分型、肾功能之间的关系，用于判断预后及指导治疗。方法对３０例ＤＰＬＮ患者肾穿刺活检组织形态学进行半定量分析，观察ＡＩ、ＣＩ与病程、临床分型及肾功能三者之间的关系。结果ＡＩ、ＣＩ与ＤＰＬＮ的临床分型、肾功能有明显相关，ＡＩ≥１０分，ＣＩ≥６分，提示预后不良，ＡＩ与病程无关，ＣＩ与病程有关联。结论ＡＩ、ＣＩ能较准确地反映ＤＰＬＮ的活动性及损害程度，是一项判断肾脏病变严重度及预后的客观指标。 Objective To investigate the relationship between pathological parameters of diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis (DPLN), such as active index (AI) and chronic index (CI), duration of disease, clinical classification and renal function, and to evaluate prognosis and guide therapy. Methods Thirty patients with DPLN were enrolled in this study. The histopathology of renal biopsy was semi-quantitatively analyzed. The relationship between AI, CI and the course of disease, clinical classification and renal function were observed. Results The clinical classification and renal function of AI, CI and DPLN were significantly correlated. AI≥10 points and CI≥6 points suggested that the prognosis was poor. There was no relationship between AI and duration of disease. CI was associated with the duration of disease. Conclusion AI and CI can reflect the activity and degree of DPLN more accurately, which is an objective index to judge the severity and prognosis of renal disease.