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一、有关名词、术语解译 1.核废物核工业从铀矿开采、水冶、浓缩、加工到制成核燃料,称“前处理”。核燃料经反应堆运行后,每3—4年就有1/3—1/4要更换,进行后处理,以回收未耗完的铀并制成新燃料,同时生产钚,提取其他裂变产物和超铀元素。始于开采,终于核素回收的全过程称核燃料循环。循环过程中每一个工序都产生核废物,其中99％是固体,仅有1％是液体和气体。废物数量与反应堆的功率、堆型、运行管理水平、维护和事故情况以及处理工艺等很多因素有关。一座2×100万kW压水堆核电站,每年约有1000m~3固体核废物,寿期按35年计算,即有35 000m~3。这些
First, the related terms, terminology interpretation 1. Nuclear waste Nuclear industry from uranium mining, water metallurgy, enrichment, processing to make nuclear fuel, known as “pre-treatment.” After the nuclear fuel is run through the reactor, 1 / 3-1 / 4 will be replaced and reprocessed every 3-4 years to recover the uranium not yet depleted and made into new fuel while producing plutonium and extracting other fission products and superfluous Uranium element. Began mining, and finally recovered the whole process of nuclear fuel cycle. Every process in the cycle produces nuclear waste, of which 99% is solid and only 1% is liquid and gas. The amount of waste is related to many factors such as reactor power, reactor type, operational management level, maintenance and accident conditions, and process technology. A 2 × 1 million kW PWR nuclear power station will have about 1,000m ~ 3 solid nuclear waste each year, with a life span of 35,000m ~ 3 calculated over 35 years. These ones