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目的了解天津市蓟县主要鼠类和媒介蚤的分布、种类、密度及其自然感染鼠疫菌和汉坦病毒(HV)情况,为有效预防控制鼠疫和肾综合征出血热(HFRS)提供依据。方法采用现场调查,以笼日法捕鼠,对捕获鼠类和检获蚤分类鉴定,计算鼠密度和带蚤率;采用间接血凝试验检测鼠疫菌F1抗体,用PCR方法检测鼠疫菌特异性基因fra和pla;采用直接免疫荧光法检测鼠肺HV抗原(HFRSAg)。结果2011年4-9月在蓟县共捕鼠269只,鼠密度为1.15%,隶属3科7属8种;检获不等单蚤9匹,染蚤率为3.68%,总蚤指数为0.055;采集鼠血清188份,鼠疫血清抗体检测,结果均为阴性;采集鼠肝脏247份,鼠疫核酸检测,结果均为阴性;采集鼠肺脏89份,汉坦病毒阳性1份,阳性率为1.12%,经鉴定为汉城型病毒。结论褐家鼠是蓟县的优势鼠种,鼠密度和蚤指数均低于鼠疫控制标准警戒线,未发现鼠间鼠疫流行迹象;HFRS的主要宿主为褐家鼠,检出汉城型病毒。
Objective To investigate the distribution, species and density of major rodents and fleas in Jixian, Tianjin, and the natural infection of Yersinia pestis and Hantavirus (HV), so as to provide basis for effective prevention and control of hemorrhagic fever with plague and renal syndrome (HFRS). Methods Field investigation was conducted to catch rats by cage method. The classification and identification of rodents and seizures were carried out. The density of rodents and the rate of flea infection were calculated. Indirect hemagglutination test was used to detect the antibodies to Y. pestis F1. The Yersinia pestis specific genes fra and pla. The murine lung HV antigen (HFRSAg) was detected by direct immunofluorescence. Results From April to September in 2011, 269 rats were caught in Jixian County, with a density of 1.15%. There were 8 species belonging to 3 genera, 7 genera, and 9 species. The number of fleas was 9.68%, and the total flea index was 0.055. A total of 188 serum samples were collected and serum antibodies were detected. The results were negative. 247 mice were collected from the liver of the mice and the results were negative. The results showed that 89 samples were collected from the lungs and 1 positive from Hantavirus. The positive rate was 1.12% Identified as Seoul virus. Conclusion Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species in Jixian. The density of rodents and flea index were lower than the standard warning line of plague control. No epidemic signs of plague appeared in mice. The main host of HFRS was Rattus norvegicus, and the Seoul virus was detected.