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目的描述中国农村儿童血铅总体水平及分布特征,为改善农村铅污染状况提供依据。方法通过计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库及相关文献追溯等途径,依照严格的入选标准收集并筛选国内1994—2008年10月公开发表的关于农村儿童血铅水平研究的文献进行分析。结果我国农村儿童血铅均值为74.93μg/L(范围:41.14～193.54μg/L),铅中毒率为19.32%(范围:2.2%～43%)。禁止含铅汽油使用后儿童血铅从87.53μg/L降至71.16μg/L(u=7.13,P<0.01),禁止含铅汽油使用前后农村儿童血铅水平均低于同时期全国儿童血铅水平。调整无铅汽油使用的影响后,北京、山东农村儿童血铅均值较高,分别为99.16和92.13μg/L;吉林、河北较低,分别为41.14和56.14μg/L;18篇文献的综合分析显示,农村儿童和城市儿童的血铅均值分别为77.90和87.24μg/L(u=3.73,P<0.01);8篇文献的综合分析显示,农村儿童和工业区儿童血铅均值分别为70.25和80.86μg/L(u=10.00,P<0.01)。结论农村地区儿童血铅水平低于全国总体水平,低于城市和工业区儿童血铅水平,推广无铅汽油后农村儿童血铅水平有了明显改善。
Objective To describe the general level and distribution of blood lead in rural children in China and provide evidence for improving the status of lead pollution in rural areas. Methods The databases of Chinese periodicals and related literature retrospectives were searched by computer, and the literature about the research on blood lead level in rural areas published in China from October 1994 to October 2008 was collected and screened according to strict inclusion criteria. Results The average blood lead level of rural children in our country was 74.93μg / L (range: 41.14-193.54μg / L), and the lead poisoning rate was 19.32% (range: 2.2% -43%). Children’s blood lead levels were reduced from 87.53μg / L to 71.16μg / L (u = 7.13, P <0.01) after the use of leaded gasoline was prohibited. The levels of blood lead in rural children before and after the banned use of leaded gasoline were lower than those of the national children Level. After adjusting for the impact of the use of unleaded gasoline, the average blood lead levels were higher in Beijing and Shandong rural children, with 99.16 and 92.13 μg / L respectively; while Jilin and Hebei were lower with 41.14 and 56.14 μg / L respectively; and the comprehensive analysis of 18 articles The average blood lead levels in rural children and urban children were 77.90 and 87.24 μg / L, respectively (u = 3.73, P <0.01). The comprehensive analysis of 8 articles showed that the average blood lead levels in rural children and industrial areas were 70.25 and 80.86 μg / L (u = 10.00, P <0.01). Conclusions Blood lead levels in children in rural areas are lower than the national overall level, lower than those in urban and industrial areas, and blood lead levels in rural children have been significantly improved after the promotion of unleaded gasoline.