一、问题之提出行政裁量通常被描述为在法律许可的情况下对作为或不作为,以及怎样作为进行选择的权力。例如,戴维斯的表述是“只要公职人员在权力实际界限允许其可能的作为或不作为的方案中作出选择,那么他就拥有裁量”。~①韦德和福赛将裁量表述为“选择作为还是不作为,以及怎样作为的权力”。~②法国学者让·伯纳德·奥比也持类似的观点,“裁量表明行政机关根据某些特定的事实,有作出什么决定以及应如何作出决定的选 I. PROBLEM PROPOSALS Administrative discretion is often described as the act or omission that is permitted by law and how it is to be exercised as a choice. Davis, for example, states that ”whenever a public official makes a choice in a plan that the actual boundaries of power allow for possible actions or omissions, then he has discretion.“ ① Wade and Fusei expressed the discretion as ”the power to choose whether to act or not, and what to do with it.“ Similarly, the French scholar Jean Bernard Obi held a similar view. ”Discretion shows how decisions are taken by executive agencies and decisions on how to make decisions based on specific facts