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在脂肪和骨骼肌细胞中,胰岛素可迅速刺激葡萄糖转运,即通常所说的GLUT4转运。GLUT4转运是指Rabs与GTP结合时,促进囊泡与微管和微丝蛋白结合,并通过锚定和融合作用使GLUT4囊泡与目标膜结构融合。多数Rab家族成员广泛表达于各种组织细胞中,且在细胞内定位十分广泛,几乎存在于真核细胞所有的膜相关的细胞器的胞浆侧。Rab蛋白作为囊泡运输的分子开关,通过调节运输小泡的停泊和融合,在囊泡的形成、转运、粘附、锚定、融合等过程中起着重要的作用。Rab蛋白受到多种上游调节蛋白的调节,同时调控着下游的多种效应蛋白,构成了复杂的调控网络:任何一个环节改变都可能会导致蛋白质转运的异常,进而引发疾病。本文系统阐述了Rab蛋白在葡萄糖转运过程中的作用及该领域的最新进展。
In fat and skeletal muscle cells, insulin rapidly stimulates glucose transport, the so-called GLUT4 transport. GLUT4 transport is the binding of Rabs to GTP to promote the binding of vesicles to microtubules and microfilament proteins and to fuse the GLUT4 vesicles to the target membrane structure through anchoring and fusion. Most members of the Rab family are widely expressed in a variety of tissue cells and are widely located intracellularly and are found almost exclusively on the cytoplasmic side of all membrane-associated organelles of eukaryotes. As a molecular switch for vesicle transport, Rab protein plays an important role in vesicle formation, transport, adhesion, anchoring and fusion by regulating the docking and fusion of transport vesicles. Rab proteins are regulated by a variety of upstream regulatory proteins and regulate a variety of downstream effector proteins, forming a complex regulatory network. Any alteration of the Rab protein may lead to abnormal protein transport and further disease. This article systematically describes the role of Rab protein in glucose transport and the recent advances in this field.