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为生产优质烟叶提供理论依据,以贵州烟区主栽品种毕纳1号进行盆栽试验,精准控制烟株不同时期的供氮比例,研究3种氮素供应模式(处理1,伸根期20%+旺长期45%+成熟期35%;处理2,伸根期25%+旺长期55%+成熟期20%;处理3,伸根期30%+旺长期65%+成熟期5%)对烟叶质体色素和烤后烟叶香气物质含量的影响。结果表明:处理3烟叶成熟期质体色素降解速度快,烤后烟叶色素残留量低,类胡萝卜素含量最大,中部、上部烟叶分别为(177.84±5.69)μg/g和(139.93±1.13)μg/g,分别比处理2增加13.8%和20.1%,比处理1增加4.6%和10.0%,其中处理3烟叶的β-大马酮、β-二氢大马酮、巨豆三烯酮等及类西柏烷类含量、上部叶棕色化产物和新植二烯等致香成分含量均较高。前重后轻供氮模式的烟叶质量显著优于后期持续供氮模式的烟叶,有利于促进烟叶前期合成较多的质体色素,后期充分降解形成香气成分,对提高烟叶香味品质十分有利。
In order to provide the theoretical basis for the production of high quality tobacco leaves, a pot experiment was conducted in Pina 1, a main cultivar of Guizhou tobacco planting area, to precisely control the proportion of nitrogen supply in different periods of tobacco plants. Three nitrogen supply modes (treatment 1, 20% + Long term 45% + Mature 35%; Treatment 2, Long term 25% + Long term 55% + Mature 20%; Treatment 3, Long term 30% + Long term 65% + Mature 5% Effects of Plastid Pigment and Aroma Components in Tobacco Leaves after Baking. The results showed that the chloroplast pigment degradation rate was fast at the mature stage of tobacco leaf 3, the content of carotenoid pigment was the highest in the middle and upper leaves after the treatment, and was (177.84 ± 5.69) μg / g and (139.93 ± 1.13) μg / g, which increased by 13.8% and 20.1% respectively than that of treatment 2 and increased by 4.6% and 10.0% respectively compared with treatment 1, of which 3-damascenone, β-damascone and megastigmatrienone, Ciclosporin content, upper leaf browning product and neophytadiene and other aroma components were higher. The quality of the tobacco leaves with pre-heavy and light-nitrogen modes was significantly better than that of the continuous nitrogen-supplying mode at the later stage, which was conducive to promoting the synthesis of more plastid pigment at the early stage of tobacco leaf and the degradation of aroma components at the later stage.