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一、发展对外贸易面临的困难80年代以来,对外贸易仍是亚洲“四小”经济增长的“推进器”。由于对外贸易的发展同国际经济贸易形势有着密切的联系,因而国际经济贸易形势的急剧变化,必然给亚洲“四小”的对外贸易带来深刻的影响。近年来,这种影响既有有利的因素,也有不利的因素。有利的因素是,世界石油市场价格的暴趺、日元的升值等,使得以出口导向为特征的亚洲“四小”受益匪浅。但同时,不利的因素也很多,概括起来主要有以下两个方面。第一,亚洲“四小”同美国的贸易不平衡,引起美国贸易保护主义的日益加剧,导致其对美国的出口势将受阻。亚洲“四小”的经济主要是依赖美、日的资本、技术和市场,在60年代中期前后迅速发展起来的。1986年,新加坡、南朝鲜、台湾和香港对美国的出口额占它们的出口总额分别为
I. Difficulty in the development of foreign trade Since the 1980s, foreign trade is still the “propeller” for Asia’s “four small” economic growth. As the development of foreign trade is closely linked with the international economic and trade situation, the dramatic changes in the international economic and trade situation will inevitably have a profound impact on Asia’s “four small” foreign trade. In recent years, this influence has both favorable and unfavorable factors. The favorable factor is that the fierce price of the world oil market and the appreciation of the yen have benefited Asia’s “four small” countries, which are characterized by export orientation. However, at the same time, there are many unfavorable factors. To sum up, there are mainly the following two aspects. First, the imbalance between Asia’s “four small” trade with the United States has caused the growing protectionism in the United States and has caused its export to the United States to be hampered. The “four small” economies in Asia rely mainly on the capital, technology, and markets of the United States and Japan and developed rapidly around the mid-1960s. In 1986, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan and Hong Kong’s exports to the United States accounted for their total exports