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熔锥型光纤器件的光学性能由熔锥区的微观结构和形貌决定,而微观结构和形貌又由工艺条件决定。为了分析工艺条件对微观结构与形貌的影响机理及规律,以不同拉锥速度制作的耦合器为测试样,用显微红外光谱仪测试了其熔区和锥区的波数,用扫描电子显微镜观察了其相应点的表面形貌。经多次实验发现:在1100 cm-1和810 cm-1左右有两个明显的特征峰;1100 cm-1特征峰在锥区的波数最高,熔区次之,裸光纤最小;且随着拉锥速度的增大,1100 cm-1特征峰移向高波数。在光纤耦合器的锥区,存在微裂纹,随着拉锥速度增大,微裂纹越明显;在光纤耦合器的熔区,光纤表面析出了微小晶粒,且拉锥速度越小,晶粒越粗大。只有在适当的拉锥速度下(这里为150μm/s),熔区和锥区的结构与裸光纤的微观结构接近,且缺陷最少,才能获得较高质量的光纤耦合器。
The optical properties of fused-cone optical fiber devices are determined by the microstructure and morphology of the molten cone, and the microstructure and morphology are determined by the process conditions. In order to analyze the mechanism and rule of the influence of process conditions on microstructure and morphology, the couplers with different taper speeds were used as the test samples. The wave numbers in the melt zone and the cone zone were measured by microscopic infrared spectroscopy. The scanning electron microscopy The corresponding point of the surface topography. After many experiments, it is found that there are two obvious characteristic peaks at 1100 cm-1 and 810 cm-1. The characteristic wave of 1100 cm-1 has the highest wave number in the cone zone, the second is the melting zone, and the bare fiber is the smallest. As taper speed increases, the characteristic peak of 1100 cm-1 shifts to high wave number. In the optical fiber coupler cone area, there are micro-cracks, with the taper speed increases, the more obvious micro-cracks; in the fiber coupler melt zone, the optical fiber surface precipitated tiny grains, and the taper speed, the smaller the grain The more coarse. Only at the appropriate taper speed (here 150μm / s), the structure of the melt zone and taper zone is close to the microstructure of the bare fiber, with the least defects, to obtain a higher quality fiber coupler.