黑河是我国西北地区第二大内陆河,2001年国家实施了该流域的综合治理工程。文章基于近10年来对黑河流域自然-经济系统水循环、水过程和生态与环境变化研究成果和阶段认识,对生态治理效果及其生态环境影响进行了科学评估。整体上,黑河流域水资源主要受西风带影响,主要产流区为中高山区。近10年和百年是流域器测记录以来和千年尺度上的丰水期,这为流域分水和综合治理提供了有力的水资源保障,而持续增长的社会经济系统水资源需求压力是导致流域中下游和经济发展-生态用水之间矛盾的主要根源。在中游地表水利用量得到有效控制的情况下,中游地区社会经济系统用水结构产生显著变化,但地表水资源限制和中游耕地面积持续增加导致局地地下水水位及储量呈减少趋势,且面临枯水期水资源严重超载问题。进入下游的水量接近规划要求,下游水系统和生态环境恶化趋势得到有效遏制,但还未全面恢复,并存在较大空间异质性;持续增加的由河岸林地开垦而来的耕地,对下游生态与生产用水分配带来更大的压力,下游需要更为精细的水资源时空管理和调控措施。在未来可能面临的枯水期,流域社会-经济-生态可持续发展目标下的水资源管理将面临更大的挑战。 Heihe is the second largest inland river in the northwest of China, and in 2001, the state implemented the comprehensive management of the basin. Based on the achievements and stages of the study on water cycle, water process and ecological and environmental changes in natural and economic systems in the Heihe River basin in recent 10 years, the article makes a scientific assessment of the ecological control effects and their ecological and environmental impacts. Overall, the water resources of the Heihe River Basin are mainly affected by the westerly wind, and the main flow-producing area is the middle and high mountains. Nearly 10 years and a hundred years are the record period since the basin hydrological records and the millennium-scale wet period, which provides a watershed watershed and integrated management of water resources to provide a strong guarantee, and the growing socio-economic system of water resources demand pressure is causing the watershed Middle and lower reaches and economic development - the main source of contradictions between ecological water. In the middle reaches of the surface of the use of surface water is effectively controlled circumstances, the socio-economic system in the middle reaches of the water structure changes significantly, but the surface water resources and the middle reaches of arable land continued to increase lead to local groundwater levels and reserves showed a downward trend, and faced dry water Serious resource overload problem. Downstream of the amount of water close to the planning requirements, the downstream water systems and ecological deterioration of the environment has been effectively curbed, but not yet fully restored, and there is a large spatial heterogeneity; growing cultivated land reclaimed from riparian forests, the downstream ecology With the allocation of production water to bring greater pressure on the downstream need more sophisticated water resources management and control of space and time. In the dry season that may be faced in the future, the management of water resources under the goal of social-economic-ecological sustainable development in the basin will face greater challenges.