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苏联解体伊始,大规模哥萨克(казак/казачество)复兴运动骤然兴起,哥萨克问题成为俄罗斯社会关注的焦点问题之一。“哥萨克”是谁?为什么时至今日它又重新兴起?回答这些问题,就需要对哥萨克历史追根溯源。自18世纪起,随着哥萨克在俄国社会中的影响,哥萨克历史就引起俄罗斯学者的兴趣和研究,而哥萨克的起源问题是哥萨克研究首先要解决的问题。本文就俄罗斯学者关于哥萨克起源的主要观点加以梳理和论述,以便国内学者对哥萨克作进一步研究。
At the very beginning of the Soviet Union’s collapse, the revivalist movement of large-scale Cossacks (казак / казачество) suddenly emerged. The Cossacks issue has become one of the key issues of concern to Russian society. Who is the Cossack and why it has rekindled to this day? To answer these questions, we need to trace the origin of Cossack history. Since the 18th century, with the Cossacks in Russian society, Cossack history has aroused the interest and research of Russian scholars. The origin of Cossacks is the first issue to be solved by Cossacks. This article reviews and discusses the main ideas of Russian scholars on the origin of Cossacks, so that domestic scholars can study Cossacks further.