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自70代在水稻等禾本科作物根际发现固氮作用以来,已从水稻根际分离出10类固氮菌。按照柯赫法则让固氮菌感染水稻无菌苗,确证克雷伯氏菌等固氮菌与水稻之间存在松驰的共生固氮关系。当前,水稻根际的联合固氮效率较低。这个问题可望从两方面着手解决。一方面,采用基因工程手段改良固氮菌,增强其固氮能力;另一方面,通过杂交育种培育出与细菌共生能力强的基因型水稻。固氮能力强的细菌与共生能力强的水稻的结合,有希望成为稻田氮素的重要补给源。
Since the seventy generations of nitrogen fixation in the rhizosphere of rice and other grasses have been found, 10 nitrogen-fixing bacteria have been isolated from rice rhizosphere. According to Kohn’s law, Azotobacter was used to infect rice aseptic seedlings, confirming the existence of symbiotic nitrogen fixation between Azotobacter such as Klebsiella and rice. At present, the combined nitrogen fixation efficiency in rice rhizosphere is low. This problem is expected to be resolved in two aspects. On the one hand, genetically engineered strains are used to improve nitrogen-fixing bacteria and enhance their ability to fix nitrogen. On the other hand, genotypic rice with strong symbiotic ability with bacteria is bred by crossbreeding. Nitrogen-binding bacteria and symbiotic ability of rice combination, there is hope to become an important source of paddy nitrogen supply.