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目的:探讨供者自然杀伤细胞输注(DNKI)在接受异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)的血液系统恶性肿瘤患者中的应用及护理要点。方法:选择2018年12月至2019年4月，于四川大学华西医院血液内科接受allo-HSCT后行DNKI的15例血液系统恶性肿瘤患者为研究对象。这15例患者年龄为(42.6±9.1)岁；男性为2例，女性为13例。对所有患者均采取预见性的护理干预措施。回顾性分析患者的allo-HSCT和DNKI相关临床资料、疗效及不良反应发生情况；并且总结DNKI的护理要点。患者接受DNKI前、后，其外周血自然杀伤(NK)细胞绝对数及百分比的比较，采用Wilcoxon符号秩和检验。本研究遵循的程序符合2013年修订版《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》要求。结果:①本组15例血液系统恶性肿瘤患者的allo-HSCT成功，共接受33例次DNKI。移植后1个月，所有患者达到完全供者细胞嵌合状态。对患者中位随访11.0个月(4.0～13.5个月)时，其生存率、缓解率、复发率、移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)发生率、巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染率分别为15/15、11/15、4/15、4/15(均为Ⅰ度GVHD)、3/15。②本组患者接受33例次DNKI后，其外周血中位NK细胞绝对数[194个/μL(162～264个/μL)]和外周血NK细胞百分比[21.2%(16.8%～27.4%)]，均较DNKI输注前[91个/μL(60.5～119个/μL)和9.2%(7.1%～13.4%)]增高，并且差异均有统计学意义(n T＝-8.218、n P<0.01；n T＝-9.841、n P<0.01)。③本组患者于接受33例次DNKI 24 h内，仅3例次(9.1%)出现一过性发热。n 结论:血液系统恶性肿瘤患者allo-HSCT后接受DNKI的疗效显著，不良反应轻微。在DNKI治疗过程中，实施预见性的护理干预措施，可达到很好的辅助治疗效果。但是本研究结果仅限于小样本量的回顾性分析，并且部分病例随访时间较短。因此，尚需大样本量的前瞻性临床研究验证DNKI对接受allo-HSCT患者的疗效及安全性，以及进一步探讨临床护理要点。“,”Objective:To explore the application and nursing points of donor natural killer cell infusion (DNKI) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in patients with hematologic neoplasms.Methods:From December 2018 to January 2020, a total of 15 patients with hematologic neoplasms who received DNKI after allo-HSCT in Department of Hematology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University were selected as the subjects. The age of patients was (42.6±9.1) years. Among them, there were 2 male patients and 13 females. All the patients were received predictive nursing care. The clinical data related allo-HSCT and DNKI, efficacy and adverse reactions of patients were analyzed retrospectively. And the nursing points of DNKI were summarized. The absolute number and percentage of natural killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood of patients before and after DNKI were compared by Wilcoxon signed rank test. The procedure followed in this study meets the requirements of n Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association revised in 2013.n Results:① In this study, the 15 patients with hematologic neoplasms received 33 cases DNKI. Allo-HSCT was successful in all 15 patients. One month after allo-HSCT, all 15 patients reached the state of donor cells complete chimerism. At a median follow-up time of 11.0 months (4.0-13.5 months), the rates of survival, remission and recurrence were 15/15, 11/15 and 4/15, respectively. The incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was 4/15, and all the GVHD patients were with Ⅰ grade GVHD. The infection rate of cytomegalovirus (CMV) was 3/15. ② After receiving DNKI, the absolute number and percentage of NK cells in peripheral blood of 33 cases in this study were 194 cells/μL (162-264 cells/μL) and 21.2%(16.8%-27.4%) respectively, which were higher than those of 91 cells/μL (60.5-119 cells/μL) and 9.2% (7.1%-13.4%) before DNKI, and the differences were statistically significant (n T=-8.218, n P<0.01 ;n T=-9.841, n P<0.01). ③ In this study, only 3 cases (9.1%, 3/33) had transient fever within 24 h after DNKI.n Conclusions:DNKI after allo-HSCT has a significant efficacy in patients with hematologic neoplasms, with minor adverse reactions. In the process of DNKI therapy, predictive nursing intervention measures should be implemented to achieve the best therapeutic effect. However, the results of this study are limited to a retrospective analysis of small sample size, and some cases have a short follow-up time. Therefore, a large sample size prospective study is needed to verify the efficacy and safety of DNKI in hematologic neoplasms patients who received allo-HSCT, and to further explore the nursing points.