目的　探讨EGFR、Bax、Rb在高能电子线大鼠皮肤辐射损伤中的作用及机理 ,为临床治疗提供线索。方法　运用免疫组化技术SP法检测EGFR、Bax、Rb在 40例高能电子线大鼠皮肤辐射损伤模型中的表达 ,分析它们与照射剂量之间的关系。结果　①EGFR在 40例照射的大鼠中 ,5、15、30、45Gy组阳性表达率分别为 2 0 %、40 %、70 %、10 0 % ;各照射剂量组间有显著相关性 (P <0 0 5 )。②Bax在 40例照射的大鼠中 ,5、15、30、45Gy组阳性表达率分别为 30 %、30 %、70 %、70 % ;各照射剂量组同Bax蛋白阳性表达无相关性 ,但有趋势性 (P <0 0 5 )。③Rb在 40例照射的大鼠中 ,5、15、30、45Gy组阳性表达率分别为 30 %、2 0 %、40 %、30 % ;各照射剂量组间Rb阳性表达无线性趋势性 (P >0 0 5 )。④本实验对 40例各照射剂量组实验对象进一步研究发现Bax+ Rb+ 共有 9例 ,EG FR+ Rb+ Bax+ 共有 5例 ,均无共同阳性趋势。结论　实验表明电离辐射能增加大鼠皮肤组织中EGFR、Bax、Rb蛋白的表达 ;EGFR、Bax蛋白的表达可能与照射剂量有关 ;EGFR能促进细胞的增殖与Bax、Rb蛋白促细胞凋亡共同作用下 ,参与放射性皮肤损伤的形成。 Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of EGFR, Bax and Rb in radiation-induced skin damage induced by high-energy electron beam in rats and provide clues for clinical treatment. Methods Immunohistochemical SP method was used to detect the expression of EGFR, Bax and Rb in the skin of radiation injury model in 40 high-energy electron beam rats, and the relationship between them and the radiation dose was analyzed. Results ① The positive expression rates of EGFR in 40 irradiated rats were 20%, 40%, 70% and 100% respectively. There was a significant correlation between the irradiation dose groups (P < 0 0 5). ② The expression of Bax in 40 irradiated rats was 30%, 30%, 70% and 70% respectively in 5, 15, 30 and 45 Gy groups. There was no correlation between Bax and Bax protein expression Trend (P <0 05). (3) Rb positive expression rates of 5, 15, 30, 45 Gy group were 30%, 20%, 40% and 30% respectively in 40 irradiated rats. There was no linear trend of Rb > 0 0 5). ④ In this experiment, further study found that there were 9 cases of Bax + Rb +, 5 cases of EG FR + Rb + Bax +, no common positive trend. Conclusion Experiments show that ionizing radiation can increase the expression of EGFR, Bax, Rb protein in rat skin tissue. The expression of EGFR and Bax protein may be related to irradiation dose. EGFR can promote cell proliferation and promote the apoptosis of Bax and Rb proteins Under, involved in the formation of radiation skin damage.