目的探讨喂养方式和母乳喂养时间对3岁儿童乳牙龋的影响,以寻求母乳喂养对乳牙龋患病的关键点,尽早给予父母合理的喂养指导。方法采用横断面研究的方法,对北京市海淀区588名幼儿园小班儿童进行口腔检查,并由其监护人完成调查问卷。结果母乳喂养时间小于6个月、6～12个月和大于12个月三组儿童乳牙患龋率分别为40.4%、48.2%和54.4%。随着母乳喂养时间增长,乳牙患龋率显著增高(P趋势=0.017);在混合喂养方式下,母乳喂养时间6～12个月和大于12个月的儿童乳牙患龋率均显著高于喂养时间小于6个月的儿童(49.7%,54.3%和36.1%;P=0.026和P=0.010)。Logistic回归分析,调整了传统的危险因素后,母乳喂养时间6～12个月和大于12个月的儿童,患龋风险分别是喂养时间小于6个月的1.770倍(OR=1.770,95%CI:1.046～2.995)和2.549倍(OR=2.549,95%CI:1.420～4.579),选择母乳喂养方式的儿童比人工喂养的儿童患龋风险减少近60%(OR=0.406,95%CI:0.167～0.990)。结论母乳喂养能够有效降低儿童患龋的风险,且纯母乳喂养时间在6个月内为佳,尽早给予家长专业喂养指导,同时做好儿童牙齿护理和培养良好的口腔行为习惯,综合控制乳牙患龋的危险因素。 Objective To investigate the effects of feeding mode and breast-feeding time on deciduous teeth caries in 3-year-old children and find out the key points of deciduous teeth caries by breast-feeding, and provide reasonable guidance to parents as soon as possible. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on oral examination of 588 kindergarten children in Haidian District, Beijing. The guardian completed the questionnaire. Results The breastfeeding time was less than 6 months. The caries prevalence rates of 40 cases were 40.4%, 48.2% and 54.4% in 6 to 12 months and over 12 months respectively. With the increase of breast-feeding time, the caries prevalence of deciduous teeth increased significantly (P trend = 0.017). The caries prevalence of deciduous teeth of children aged 6 to 12 months and more than 12 months in mixed feeding mode was significantly higher than that of feeding Children younger than 6 months (49.7%, 54.3% and 36.1%; P = 0.026 and P = 0.010). Logistic regression analysis showed that children with breastfeeding duration of 6-12 months and more than 12 months adjusted for traditional risk factors were 1.770 times (1.770, 95% CI : 1.046 ~ 2.995) and 2.549-fold (OR = 2.549, 95% CI: 1.420 ~ 4.579). The risk of caries in children who chose breastfeeding was reduced by nearly 60% ~ 0.990). Conclusion Breastfeeding can effectively reduce the risk of caries in children, and the exclusive breastfeeding time is better within 6 months. Parents should be given professional guidance as soon as possible. At the same time, children should be given good dental care and good oral habits. Integrated control of deciduous teeth Caries risk factors.