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Abstract ［Objectives］ This study was conducted to screen out suitable agents for controlling tobacco mosaic virus disease and the best control period in Zhangzhou tobacco area, providing a theoretical basis for the control of virus diseases, thereby improving the quality of fluecured tobacco and the income of tobacco farmers.
［Methods］ The effects on tobacco mosaic virus disease under the interaction between different agents and different application periods were investigated. The incidence of tobacco mosaic virus disease was investigated, and its control effect was analyzed.
［Results］ Different agents and different application periods had different control effects on tobacco mosaic virus disease. The incidence of tobacco mosaic virus disease: At 30 and 45 d after transplanting, the incidences of A2B1 treatment were the lowest, at 0.85%, 1.71%, respectively; and at 60 d after transplanting, the incidence of A3B1 treatment was the lowest, only 10.68%. The control effect: At 30 and 45 d after transplanting, A2B1 treatment had better control effects, reaching 79.39% and 73.06%, respectively.
［Conclusions］ 3% hypersensitive protein sprayed at 1 d before transplanting and 7 and 15 d after transplanting achieved the best effect, followed by 10% ningnanmycin sprayed at 1 d before transplanting and 7 and 15 d after transplanting. In tobacco production, it is recommended to apply 1 000 times dilution of 3% supersensitive protein microgranules for three times (at 1 d before transplanting and 7 and 15 d after transplanting), which can effectively prevent tobacco mosaic virus disease.
Key words Tobacco mosaic virus disease; Control effect; Hypersensitive protein; Oligosaccharins·plant activation protein
Received: July 12, 2019Accepted: October 9, 2019
Supported by Science and Technology Project of Ganzhou Tobacco Company of Jiangxi Province (GSYJ［2016］9).
Weiwei OUYANG (1991-), male, P. R. China, assistant agronomist, devoted to research about crop disease and pest control.
*Corresponding author. Email: zhongqiuzan@126.com.
Tobacco mosaic virus disease is one of the main diseases in tobacco planting in China［1-3］, and there are still no effective control measures. The tobacco infected with virus diseases is severely dwarfed and shows shortened internodes and chlorotic leaves, which seriously affects the quality of fluecured tobacco and the income of tobacco farmers. Tobacco virus diseases that cause serious economic losses in production include common mosaic virus disease (TMV), cucumber mosaic virus disease (CMV) and potato virus Y (PVY)［3-4］. Tobacco mosaic virus disease has many characteristics including many hosts, long survival time and many routes of transmission［5］. It can be transmitted through human factors such as farming operations or through wounds such as spread by aphids［6,8］. At present, in the nursery sheds, tobacco seedlings are exposed to fewer people, and the farming operation is relatively simple, so the seedlings are easy to manage and not susceptible to viral diseases. However, after tobacco seedlings are transplanted in the field, the plants face the conditions of many agricultural operations and contact with many operators which are difficult to manage, and the plants are thus susceptible to viral diseases. In recent years, tobacco mosaic virus disease in Ganzhou tobacco area has been increasing year by year, and chemical control has been widely adopted as one of the important means to prevent and control tobacco mosaic virus disease. Chemical control is quick in taking effect and convenient in use, and has been widely used［6］. In order to screen effective tobacco mosaic virus control agents, several field control agents were tested on tobacco mosaic virus disease in Ruijin City in 2019, with an attempt to provide technical support for scientific prevention and control of tobacco mosaic virus disease. Materials and Methods
Experimental materials
The experiment was carried out in the Tobacco Science and Technology Demonstration Garden of Ruijin City, Ganzhou City, with flat terrain and uniform fertility. The tested tobacco variety was the local main cultivar Yunyan 87.
Test agents: Atailing (6% oligosaccharins·plant activation protein wettable powder, Beijing Green Agricultural Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd.); 3% hypersensitive protein microgranule (provided by Eden Biotech, USA); 8% Ningnanmycin aqueous solution (provided by Deqiang Biotech Co., Ltd.).
Experimental design
The experiment was designed with seven treatments (Table 1), each of which was repeated 3 times, and a total of 21 plots were set up in randomized block arrangement. 78 plants were planted in each plot, and protection lines were set up around them.
Experimental methods
Each treatment was not applied with any other antiviral agent except for the application according to the experiment design. The various agents were all sprayapplied according to the designed dosage and time node of each treatment.
Application time: The first application was carried out on March 9. The transplanting time was March 10, and the application after transplanting was carried out at 7 d after transplanting on March 17, 15 d after transplanting on March 25, and 30 d after transplanting on April 9.
Investigation and recording methods
The investigation was conducted in accordance with "Grade and Investigation Method of Tobacco Diseases and Insect Pests"［7］. It was carried out at 15, 30, 45 and 60 d after transplanting (once every 15 d, the specific investigation time: March 25, April 9, April 24, May 9), respectively, and the incidence of tobacco mosaic virus disease was investigated for four times in total. At the time of the investigation, the total number of plants in each plot was investigated, and the number of diseased plants and disease grade were recorded by visual inspection.
Disease grading investigation method: Grading was performed by plant.
Grade 0: The whole plant is disease free.
Grade 1: The heart leaf veins are transparent and the leaves are slightly mottled, the diseased plants are not significantly dwarfed.
Grade 3: Onethird of the leaves are mottled but not deformed, or the diseased plants are dwarfed to more than three quarters of the normal plant height.
Level 5: Onethird to onehalf of the leaves are mottled, or a few leaves are deformed, or the main veins become black, or the diseased plants are dwarfed to twothirds to threequarters of the normal plant height. Grade 7: Onehalf to twothirds of the leaves are mottled or deformed, or the main veins become black, or the diseased plants are dwarfed to onehalf to twothirds of the normal plant height.
Grade 9: The leaves of the whole plant are mottled, severely deformed or died, or the diseased plants are dwarfed to more than onehalf of the normal plant height.
Calculation formula: Incidence = (Number of diseased plants/Total number of investigated plants)×100%;
Disease index=［(Σ(Number of plants (leaves) of each grade×Representative value of the grade)/Total number of investigated plants (leaves)×Representative value of the highest grade］×100%.
Control effect=［(Disease index of blank control-Disease index of treatment)/Disease index of blank control］×100%.
Results and Analysis
Analysis of the incidence of tobacco virus in different treatments
It can be seen from Table 2 that the various treatments were all free of disease at 15 d after transplanting of the tobacco seedlings. Combined with the virus disease prevention at seedbed stage and the virus disease test paper detection before the transplanting, it indicated that all the tobacco seedlings did not carry the virus before the experiment, which was conducive to the experiment. The investigation results of 30 d after transplanting showed that A2B1 showed the lowest incidence of the virus disease at 0.85%, and the control effect was the best, followed by A1B2, A3B1 and A2B2, while A3B2 had the worst control effect and was worse than the CK. The investigation results of 45 d after transplanting showed that A2B1 had the lowest incidence of the virus disease at 1.71%, and the control effect was the best, followed by A1B2, A2B2, A3B1 and A1B1, while A3B2 had the worst control effect and was worse than the CK. The investigation results of 60 d after transplanting showed that the incidence of the virus disease was the lowest at 10.68% in A3B1, which had the best control effect, followed by A2B1 and A1B2, while the control effects of A2B2, A3B2 and A1B1 were worse than that of the CK, and A2B2 had the worst control effect.
From the B level analysis, A1 (oligosaccharins·plant activation protein) achieved a better effect when used according to the application time of B2 (15 and 30 d after transplanting), while A2 (hypersensitive protein) and A3 (ningenmycin) had a better effect when applied according to B1 (7 and 15 d after transplanting of tobacco seedlings). Analysis of the control effects of different treatments on tobacco virus disease
According to the data in Table 3, the investigation results of 30 d after transplanting showed that each treatment achieved certain control effect compared with the CK, indicating that the agents all had certain effects on the prevention and treatment of the virus disease. Among the various treatments, A2B1 had the best control effect, reaching 79.39%, and the disease index was also the lowest, only 0.47. On the whole, the disease index was lower at 30 d after transplanting, indicating that the initial period of the virus disease in Ganzhou tobacco area is 15-30 d after transplanting. The investigation results of 45 d after transplanting showed that except A1B1, other treatments were better than the CK. Among them, A2B1 had the best control effect, reaching 73.06%, and its disease index was the lowest, only 1.42. On the whole, the disease index was at a medium level at 45 d after transplanting, but it was higher than that at 15 d after transplanting, indicating that 30-45 d after transplanting was the rising period of the virus disease. The investigation result of 60 d after transplanting showed that the control effects of A1B2, A2B1 and A3B1 were better than that of the CK. Among them, A1B2 had the best effect, reaching 39.67%, and the disease index was only 4.70. On the whole, the virus disease occurred at 60 d after transplanting; the control effects of A1B1, A2B2 and A3B2 were worse than that of the CK, and A2B2 was the worst; and the disease index of this period was high, indicating that 45-60 d after transplanting was the outbreak period of the virus disease.
Discussion and Conclusions
Previous studies have shown that tobacco mosaic virus disease will have a greater impact on the quality of fluecured tobacco if it occurs in the early stage of tobacco growth, but a less effect if it occurs in the mature stage［8］. The field growth period in this study showed that the tobacco entered the rosette stage on April 13, the vigorous growing stage on April 20, and the topping period on May 7. A2 (3% hypersensitive protein) sprayed at 7 and 15 d after transplanting achieved the best effect, followed by 10% ningnanmycin sprayed at 7 and 15 d after transplanting, while the control effect of 6% oligosaccharins·plant activation protein (sprayed at 15 and 30 d after transplanting) was slightly worse than that of hypersensitive protein and ningnanmycin.
Hypersensitive protein is a kind of new, safe and efficient plant immune inducer, which is derived from the natural protein of microorganisms and can induce plants to improve antiviral effects［9］. Oligosaccharins·plant activation protein is also a kind of new plant immune inducer, which has the functions of inhibiting viral activity and inducing resistance of tobacco plants, thereby improving the disease resistance level of plants and achieving its control effect［10］. Ningnanmycin is a new cytidine antibiotic produced by microbial fermentation technology, which has the effects of resisting bacteria and viruses and regulating and promoting production［11］, as well as the effects of inhibiting viral nucleic acid replication and coat protein formation. From the perspective of the control principles of the three agents, hypersensitive protein has more preventive effect, ningnanmycin has more treatment effect, while oligosaccharins·plant activation protein has both preventive and treatment effects. The investigation results of 15 d after transplanting showed that no virus disease occurred in each treatment. Both the preventive effect of hypersensitive protein or the treatment effect of ningnanmycin are beneficial to the prevention of the viral disease from early stage, and the two achieved a better effect, while the oligosaccharins·plant activation protein with both preventive and treatment effects was slightly inferior, probably because its twoway effect reduced its singlepoint effect, resulting in its poorer treatment and preventive effects at 45 d after transplanting, which in turn affected the control effect in the whole growth period. The differences in the control effect among hypersensitive protein, ningnanmycin and oligosaccharins·plant activation protein were concluded without considering the resistance generated in tobacco plants against the tobacco mosaic virus disease. The results of this study indicated that in tobacco production, applying 1 500 times dilution of 3% supersensitive protein microgranules for three times at 1 d before transplanting of tobacco seedlings and 7 and 15 d after transplanting can effectively prevent tobacco mosaic virus disease. For the selection of continuous use of several agents or their alternate use still needs further study.
References
［1］ CHEN J. Preliminary report on the control of tobacco mosaic virus disease［J］. Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 64(06): 62-64. (in Chinese)
［2］ WANG LS, TAN QQ, CHEN W, et al. Comparative experiment on the effects of different chemicals on tobacco virus disease［J］. Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2015, 21(17): 68, 75. (in Chinese)
［3］ YU YM, ZHANG YD, YANG J. Distribution characteristics and occurrence of tobacco virus disease in Shidian County［J］. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2018.46(28): 127-128, 131. (in Chinese)
［4］ XU CT, WANG LF, ZHAO JC, et al. Control efficacy on tobacco virus diseases of 6% Oligosaccharin·plant activation protein WP［J］. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 44(31)100-101. (in Chinese)
［5］ XU ZJ, WANG L, ZHANG Y. Factors affecting the control effect of tobacco virus diseases and measures to improve control effect［J］. Promotion of Primary Agriculture and Technology, 2018, (1): 90-92. (in Chinese)
［6］ YANG M. Occurrence and comprehensive prevention of tobacco mosaic virus disease［J］. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2018, (1): 121, 123. (in Chinese)
［7］ GB/T 232222008 Grade and investigation method of tobacco diseases and insect pests［S］. Beijing: China Standards Press, 2008. (in Chinese)
［8］ BAI PB, LUO QS. Occurrence characteristics and control techniques of tobacco virus disease［J］. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2010, (9):180. (in Chinese)
［9］ KUANG CF, CHEN DX, XU TX. Study on the control effect of hypersensitive protein on tobacco aphidborne virus disease［J］. Agricultural Development & Equipments, 2017, (11): 82-83. (in Chinese)
［10］ XU CT, WANG LF, ZHAO JC, et al. Control efficacy on tobacco virus diseases of 6% oligosaccharins·plant activation protein WP［J］. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 44(31): 100-101. (in Chinese)
［11］ CAI XJ, CHEN Z, SONG BA, et al. Inhibition activity and mechanism primary study of ningnanmycin 2% AS to tobacco mosaic virus［J］. Agrochemicals, 2008, 47(1): 37-40. (in Chinese)
［Methods］ The effects on tobacco mosaic virus disease under the interaction between different agents and different application periods were investigated. The incidence of tobacco mosaic virus disease was investigated, and its control effect was analyzed.
［Results］ Different agents and different application periods had different control effects on tobacco mosaic virus disease. The incidence of tobacco mosaic virus disease: At 30 and 45 d after transplanting, the incidences of A2B1 treatment were the lowest, at 0.85%, 1.71%, respectively; and at 60 d after transplanting, the incidence of A3B1 treatment was the lowest, only 10.68%. The control effect: At 30 and 45 d after transplanting, A2B1 treatment had better control effects, reaching 79.39% and 73.06%, respectively.
［Conclusions］ 3% hypersensitive protein sprayed at 1 d before transplanting and 7 and 15 d after transplanting achieved the best effect, followed by 10% ningnanmycin sprayed at 1 d before transplanting and 7 and 15 d after transplanting. In tobacco production, it is recommended to apply 1 000 times dilution of 3% supersensitive protein microgranules for three times (at 1 d before transplanting and 7 and 15 d after transplanting), which can effectively prevent tobacco mosaic virus disease.
Key words Tobacco mosaic virus disease; Control effect; Hypersensitive protein; Oligosaccharins·plant activation protein
Received: July 12, 2019Accepted: October 9, 2019
Supported by Science and Technology Project of Ganzhou Tobacco Company of Jiangxi Province (GSYJ［2016］9).
Weiwei OUYANG (1991-), male, P. R. China, assistant agronomist, devoted to research about crop disease and pest control.
*Corresponding author. Email: zhongqiuzan@126.com.
Tobacco mosaic virus disease is one of the main diseases in tobacco planting in China［1-3］, and there are still no effective control measures. The tobacco infected with virus diseases is severely dwarfed and shows shortened internodes and chlorotic leaves, which seriously affects the quality of fluecured tobacco and the income of tobacco farmers. Tobacco virus diseases that cause serious economic losses in production include common mosaic virus disease (TMV), cucumber mosaic virus disease (CMV) and potato virus Y (PVY)［3-4］. Tobacco mosaic virus disease has many characteristics including many hosts, long survival time and many routes of transmission［5］. It can be transmitted through human factors such as farming operations or through wounds such as spread by aphids［6,8］. At present, in the nursery sheds, tobacco seedlings are exposed to fewer people, and the farming operation is relatively simple, so the seedlings are easy to manage and not susceptible to viral diseases. However, after tobacco seedlings are transplanted in the field, the plants face the conditions of many agricultural operations and contact with many operators which are difficult to manage, and the plants are thus susceptible to viral diseases. In recent years, tobacco mosaic virus disease in Ganzhou tobacco area has been increasing year by year, and chemical control has been widely adopted as one of the important means to prevent and control tobacco mosaic virus disease. Chemical control is quick in taking effect and convenient in use, and has been widely used［6］. In order to screen effective tobacco mosaic virus control agents, several field control agents were tested on tobacco mosaic virus disease in Ruijin City in 2019, with an attempt to provide technical support for scientific prevention and control of tobacco mosaic virus disease. Materials and Methods
Experimental materials
The experiment was carried out in the Tobacco Science and Technology Demonstration Garden of Ruijin City, Ganzhou City, with flat terrain and uniform fertility. The tested tobacco variety was the local main cultivar Yunyan 87.
Test agents: Atailing (6% oligosaccharins·plant activation protein wettable powder, Beijing Green Agricultural Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd.); 3% hypersensitive protein microgranule (provided by Eden Biotech, USA); 8% Ningnanmycin aqueous solution (provided by Deqiang Biotech Co., Ltd.).
Experimental design
The experiment was designed with seven treatments (Table 1), each of which was repeated 3 times, and a total of 21 plots were set up in randomized block arrangement. 78 plants were planted in each plot, and protection lines were set up around them.
Experimental methods
Each treatment was not applied with any other antiviral agent except for the application according to the experiment design. The various agents were all sprayapplied according to the designed dosage and time node of each treatment.
Application time: The first application was carried out on March 9. The transplanting time was March 10, and the application after transplanting was carried out at 7 d after transplanting on March 17, 15 d after transplanting on March 25, and 30 d after transplanting on April 9.
Investigation and recording methods
The investigation was conducted in accordance with "Grade and Investigation Method of Tobacco Diseases and Insect Pests"［7］. It was carried out at 15, 30, 45 and 60 d after transplanting (once every 15 d, the specific investigation time: March 25, April 9, April 24, May 9), respectively, and the incidence of tobacco mosaic virus disease was investigated for four times in total. At the time of the investigation, the total number of plants in each plot was investigated, and the number of diseased plants and disease grade were recorded by visual inspection.
Disease grading investigation method: Grading was performed by plant.
Grade 0: The whole plant is disease free.
Grade 1: The heart leaf veins are transparent and the leaves are slightly mottled, the diseased plants are not significantly dwarfed.
Grade 3: Onethird of the leaves are mottled but not deformed, or the diseased plants are dwarfed to more than three quarters of the normal plant height.
Level 5: Onethird to onehalf of the leaves are mottled, or a few leaves are deformed, or the main veins become black, or the diseased plants are dwarfed to twothirds to threequarters of the normal plant height. Grade 7: Onehalf to twothirds of the leaves are mottled or deformed, or the main veins become black, or the diseased plants are dwarfed to onehalf to twothirds of the normal plant height.
Grade 9: The leaves of the whole plant are mottled, severely deformed or died, or the diseased plants are dwarfed to more than onehalf of the normal plant height.
Calculation formula: Incidence = (Number of diseased plants/Total number of investigated plants)×100%;
Disease index=［(Σ(Number of plants (leaves) of each grade×Representative value of the grade)/Total number of investigated plants (leaves)×Representative value of the highest grade］×100%.
Control effect=［(Disease index of blank control-Disease index of treatment)/Disease index of blank control］×100%.
Results and Analysis
Analysis of the incidence of tobacco virus in different treatments
It can be seen from Table 2 that the various treatments were all free of disease at 15 d after transplanting of the tobacco seedlings. Combined with the virus disease prevention at seedbed stage and the virus disease test paper detection before the transplanting, it indicated that all the tobacco seedlings did not carry the virus before the experiment, which was conducive to the experiment. The investigation results of 30 d after transplanting showed that A2B1 showed the lowest incidence of the virus disease at 0.85%, and the control effect was the best, followed by A1B2, A3B1 and A2B2, while A3B2 had the worst control effect and was worse than the CK. The investigation results of 45 d after transplanting showed that A2B1 had the lowest incidence of the virus disease at 1.71%, and the control effect was the best, followed by A1B2, A2B2, A3B1 and A1B1, while A3B2 had the worst control effect and was worse than the CK. The investigation results of 60 d after transplanting showed that the incidence of the virus disease was the lowest at 10.68% in A3B1, which had the best control effect, followed by A2B1 and A1B2, while the control effects of A2B2, A3B2 and A1B1 were worse than that of the CK, and A2B2 had the worst control effect.
From the B level analysis, A1 (oligosaccharins·plant activation protein) achieved a better effect when used according to the application time of B2 (15 and 30 d after transplanting), while A2 (hypersensitive protein) and A3 (ningenmycin) had a better effect when applied according to B1 (7 and 15 d after transplanting of tobacco seedlings). Analysis of the control effects of different treatments on tobacco virus disease
According to the data in Table 3, the investigation results of 30 d after transplanting showed that each treatment achieved certain control effect compared with the CK, indicating that the agents all had certain effects on the prevention and treatment of the virus disease. Among the various treatments, A2B1 had the best control effect, reaching 79.39%, and the disease index was also the lowest, only 0.47. On the whole, the disease index was lower at 30 d after transplanting, indicating that the initial period of the virus disease in Ganzhou tobacco area is 15-30 d after transplanting. The investigation results of 45 d after transplanting showed that except A1B1, other treatments were better than the CK. Among them, A2B1 had the best control effect, reaching 73.06%, and its disease index was the lowest, only 1.42. On the whole, the disease index was at a medium level at 45 d after transplanting, but it was higher than that at 15 d after transplanting, indicating that 30-45 d after transplanting was the rising period of the virus disease. The investigation result of 60 d after transplanting showed that the control effects of A1B2, A2B1 and A3B1 were better than that of the CK. Among them, A1B2 had the best effect, reaching 39.67%, and the disease index was only 4.70. On the whole, the virus disease occurred at 60 d after transplanting; the control effects of A1B1, A2B2 and A3B2 were worse than that of the CK, and A2B2 was the worst; and the disease index of this period was high, indicating that 45-60 d after transplanting was the outbreak period of the virus disease.
Discussion and Conclusions
Previous studies have shown that tobacco mosaic virus disease will have a greater impact on the quality of fluecured tobacco if it occurs in the early stage of tobacco growth, but a less effect if it occurs in the mature stage［8］. The field growth period in this study showed that the tobacco entered the rosette stage on April 13, the vigorous growing stage on April 20, and the topping period on May 7. A2 (3% hypersensitive protein) sprayed at 7 and 15 d after transplanting achieved the best effect, followed by 10% ningnanmycin sprayed at 7 and 15 d after transplanting, while the control effect of 6% oligosaccharins·plant activation protein (sprayed at 15 and 30 d after transplanting) was slightly worse than that of hypersensitive protein and ningnanmycin.
Hypersensitive protein is a kind of new, safe and efficient plant immune inducer, which is derived from the natural protein of microorganisms and can induce plants to improve antiviral effects［9］. Oligosaccharins·plant activation protein is also a kind of new plant immune inducer, which has the functions of inhibiting viral activity and inducing resistance of tobacco plants, thereby improving the disease resistance level of plants and achieving its control effect［10］. Ningnanmycin is a new cytidine antibiotic produced by microbial fermentation technology, which has the effects of resisting bacteria and viruses and regulating and promoting production［11］, as well as the effects of inhibiting viral nucleic acid replication and coat protein formation. From the perspective of the control principles of the three agents, hypersensitive protein has more preventive effect, ningnanmycin has more treatment effect, while oligosaccharins·plant activation protein has both preventive and treatment effects. The investigation results of 15 d after transplanting showed that no virus disease occurred in each treatment. Both the preventive effect of hypersensitive protein or the treatment effect of ningnanmycin are beneficial to the prevention of the viral disease from early stage, and the two achieved a better effect, while the oligosaccharins·plant activation protein with both preventive and treatment effects was slightly inferior, probably because its twoway effect reduced its singlepoint effect, resulting in its poorer treatment and preventive effects at 45 d after transplanting, which in turn affected the control effect in the whole growth period. The differences in the control effect among hypersensitive protein, ningnanmycin and oligosaccharins·plant activation protein were concluded without considering the resistance generated in tobacco plants against the tobacco mosaic virus disease. The results of this study indicated that in tobacco production, applying 1 500 times dilution of 3% supersensitive protein microgranules for three times at 1 d before transplanting of tobacco seedlings and 7 and 15 d after transplanting can effectively prevent tobacco mosaic virus disease. For the selection of continuous use of several agents or their alternate use still needs further study.
References
［1］ CHEN J. Preliminary report on the control of tobacco mosaic virus disease［J］. Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 64(06): 62-64. (in Chinese)
［2］ WANG LS, TAN QQ, CHEN W, et al. Comparative experiment on the effects of different chemicals on tobacco virus disease［J］. Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2015, 21(17): 68, 75. (in Chinese)
［3］ YU YM, ZHANG YD, YANG J. Distribution characteristics and occurrence of tobacco virus disease in Shidian County［J］. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2018.46(28): 127-128, 131. (in Chinese)
［4］ XU CT, WANG LF, ZHAO JC, et al. Control efficacy on tobacco virus diseases of 6% Oligosaccharin·plant activation protein WP［J］. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 44(31)100-101. (in Chinese)
［5］ XU ZJ, WANG L, ZHANG Y. Factors affecting the control effect of tobacco virus diseases and measures to improve control effect［J］. Promotion of Primary Agriculture and Technology, 2018, (1): 90-92. (in Chinese)
［6］ YANG M. Occurrence and comprehensive prevention of tobacco mosaic virus disease［J］. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2018, (1): 121, 123. (in Chinese)
［7］ GB/T 232222008 Grade and investigation method of tobacco diseases and insect pests［S］. Beijing: China Standards Press, 2008. (in Chinese)
［8］ BAI PB, LUO QS. Occurrence characteristics and control techniques of tobacco virus disease［J］. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2010, (9):180. (in Chinese)
［9］ KUANG CF, CHEN DX, XU TX. Study on the control effect of hypersensitive protein on tobacco aphidborne virus disease［J］. Agricultural Development & Equipments, 2017, (11): 82-83. (in Chinese)
［10］ XU CT, WANG LF, ZHAO JC, et al. Control efficacy on tobacco virus diseases of 6% oligosaccharins·plant activation protein WP［J］. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 44(31): 100-101. (in Chinese)
［11］ CAI XJ, CHEN Z, SONG BA, et al. Inhibition activity and mechanism primary study of ningnanmycin 2% AS to tobacco mosaic virus［J］. Agrochemicals, 2008, 47(1): 37-40. (in Chinese)