经济发展过程中总是伴随着产业结构的转换,从长期来看,发展中国家要从落后迈入先进,一般要经历三次重要的产业结构转换:一、从农业国向工业国转换,以工业作为国民经济的主导部门;二、工业化过程中资金密集型部门取代劳动密集型部门;三、工业化后期技术密集型部门取代资金密集型部门。那么,如何实现这三大转换呢?除了国家的宏观经济政策外,技术转移是最关键的因素,即通过对技术成果的消化、吸收、改进和创新,提高产业的技术水平,促进产业结构合理地向高度化转变,进而推动经济的发展。 一 技术转移是指将技术从生产转移到使用,充分利用技术,实现技术的价值,技术转移包括技术的组合、移植、传递、交流和普及,具体的技术转移形式有:1.技术成果转向生产;2.技术由先进部门转入落后部门;3.技术由发达国家转移到发展中国家,技术转移的最终目的是要能够创造经济效益,其实质是指产业部门对 In the long run, developing countries need to go through three major transformations in their industrial structure: First, the transformation from an agricultural country to an industrial country and the industrialization of a The leading department of the national economy; second, the capital-intensive sector in the process of industrialization to replace labor-intensive sectors; third, the late-industrialized-technology-intensive sector to replace the capital-intensive sector. So, how to achieve these three transformation? In addition to the country’s macroeconomic policy, the transfer of technology is the most crucial factor, that is, through the digestion, absorption, improvement and innovation of technological achievements, improve the technological level of the industry and promote a reasonable industrial structure To a higher degree of change, thereby promoting economic development. A technology transfer refers to the technology transfer from production to use, make full use of technology to realize the value of technology, technology transfer, including the combination of technology, transplantation, transfer, exchange and popularization, the specific form of technology transfer: 1. Technology results to production ; 2. technology from the advanced sector into the backward sectors; 3. technology transfer from developed countries to developing countries, the ultimate goal of technology transfer is to be able to create economic benefits, its essence is the industrial sector on