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β属人冠状病毒(human coronavirus, HCoV)包括HCoV-OC43、HCoV-HKU1、严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, SARS-CoV)、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, MERS-CoV)和2019新型冠状病毒(2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV)，其中SARS-CoV、MERS-CoV和2019-nCoV为高致病性HCoV，其跨种传播和流行对人类造成重大危害，对全球公共卫生及经济造成巨大损失，但相对于成人病例，儿童感染病例较少、临床表现较轻、预后较好，原因尚不清楚。本文对5种β属HCoV感染特点进行综述，比较儿童与成人病例的异同点并探讨其可能原因，以期为全面认识β属HCoV感染提供参考信息。“,”β human coronavirus (HCoV) include HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Among them, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and 2019-nCoV are highly pathogenic HCoV. Their cross-species transmission and prevalence have caused great harm to human beings and great losses to global public health and economy. However, compared with adult cases, children have fewer cases of infection, lighter clinical manifestations and better prognosis, but the reasons are still unclear. This article reviews the characteristics of five β HCoV infections, compares the similarities and differences between children and adults, and discusses the possible causes, so as to provide reference information for a comprehensive understanding of β HCoV infection.