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倘若从机能的角度加以考察,可以把乐器分为具有一定构造的静止状态的物体(机构),以及诱导它产生振动的运动(能量)。一般地说,乐器的机构分为主要机构和次要机构两个层次。这里所说的主要机构,由振动而发出声音的发音物和刺激发音物促使它产生发音振动的诱引物组成。次要机构系指共鸣物(共鸣体),它增强乃至修正由主要机构产生的声音。上述的机构和能量具体采取的种种存在形式,决定了各种乐器的外形、构造、性能、奏法、音色等等;并且使乐器与音乐有了各种不同的相互联系,甚至给乐器在文化中的意义带来差异。进而这又成为乐器本身多样化和发展的原因。
When viewed from a functional point of view, the instrument can be divided into a stationary object (mechanism) of a certain configuration and a motion (energy) that induces it to vibrate. Generally speaking, the musical instrument’s body is divided into two levels: the main body and the secondary body. The main mechanism here is composed of a phonogram that vibrates to produce sound and a temptation that stimulates the phonogram to cause it to produce vocal vibration. The secondary body is the resonance (resonance) that enhances and even modifies the sound produced by the main body. The various forms of existence of the above-mentioned institutions and energies determine the appearance, structure, performance, instrumentalities, timbre, etc. of various musical instruments; and make the instruments and music have various interrelations and even give musical instruments in culture Differences in meaning. This in turn has become the reason for the diversification and development of the instrument itself.