论文部分内容阅读
近年来,抗癌药物品种日多,疗效逐步提高,不仅用于姑息疗法,而且正向根治性治疗过渡。在手术、放射、药物及免疫的综合治疗中,药物占有一定的位置。特别是随着药物生化作用原理的阐明及对肿瘤细胞增殖周期动力学知识的深化,使人们有可能更有根据地设计合理的联合用药方案,提高疗效。在30年的发展过程中,已合成及研究的抗癌药物达15万种,每年筛选数多达2万种。目前临床使用的约60余种。以下按药物的作用加以叙述。抗癌化学药物一、直接作用于 DNA 的药物1.烃化剂化学活动性很强,主要与细胞中的DNA,特别与其鸟嘌呤7位氮结合,形成交叉联结,引起脱嘌呤作用及 DNA 链断裂,破坏 DNA 的结构与功能,使细胞分裂繁殖停止,甚至死亡。因其对增
In recent years, anti-cancer drug varieties more and more gradually improve the efficacy, not only for palliative treatment, but also the transition to radical treatment. In surgery, radiation, drugs and immune integrated treatment, the drug occupies a certain position. Especially with the elucidation of the principle of biochemical effects of drugs and the deepening of kinetic knowledge about the cycle of tumor cell proliferation, it is possible to design more reasonable combination regimens to improve the curative effect. In the course of 30 years of development, 150,000 anti-cancer drugs have been synthesized and studied, with as many as 20,000 kinds of screening every year. At present, about 60 kinds of clinical use. The following description of the role of drugs. Anti-cancer drugs First, a direct role in DNA drugs 1. Hydrocarbons chemical activity is very strong, mainly with the DNA in cells, especially with its guanine nitrogen nitrogen binding, the formation of cross-linked to cause apurinic effect and DNA chain Fracture, destruction of the structure and function of DNA, cell division and reproduction stop, and even death. Because of its increase