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国家的理性与制度供给、经济秩序、生活稳定乃至人民的褔祉关系甚密。历史和现实昭示,一个国家,如果忽视了国家理性的正确而有效的主导,必将付出沉重的代价。马克思、恩格斯对于国家的理性与非理性的论述以及国家学说理论,对于我们认识国家的本质、属性和国家行动的正当性具有十分深刻的意义。本文认为,国家的理性在任何时候都首先代表着一种秩序,国家的非理性现象则在一定程度上消解、破坏着秩序。我国在建立社会主义市场经济的进程中要防范国家的非理性带来的社会风险与道德风险,规范提升国家的理性包括道德理性的路径。
The rationality of the state is closely linked with the supply of the system, the economic order, the stability of life and even the people’s well-being. History and reality show that if a country ignores the correct and effective dominance of state rationality, it will surely pay a heavy price. Marx’s and Engels’s exposition of rational and irrational state and theory of state doctrine are of great significance for us to understand the essence of the state and the legitimacy of state action. This article argues that the state’s rationality first and foremost represents a kind of order at any time, and that the state’s irrational phenomenon dissolves to a certain extent and destroys order. In the process of establishing a socialist market economy, our country must guard against the social risks and moral risks brought about by the irrationality of the state and standardize the path of promoting the state’s reason including moral rationality.