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[目的]研究城市生态系统不同土地利用类型下中小型土壤动物群落多样性特征,为开展城市土壤环境质量的生物学评价提供科学依据。[方法]采用改良的Tullgren分离法对吉尔吉斯斯坦比什凯克市市区人工林、灌木林、草地3种生境下中小型土壤动物群落多样性特征及其与环境要素的关系进行比较。[结果]获得中小型土壤动物个体共5 775只,隶属4门11纲29种类群,其中甲螨亚目(44.73%)和中气门亚目(20.42%)为优势类群,占总个体数量的65.14%。垫刃目(7.79%)、弹尾目(7.06%)、前气门亚目(7.06%)、蛭态目(2.55%)、膜翅目(1.25%)、原尾目(1.04%)、无气门亚目(1.14%)7类为常见类群,占总个体数量的27.89%,优势类群和常见类群共占总个体数的93.03%,并组成该市区中小型土壤动物的主体。另外,双翅目幼虫、鞘翅目幼虫、鳞翅目幼虫、蜘蛛目、等翅目等20类为稀有类群,占总个体数的6.97%。不同生境下中小型土壤动物群落多样性指标间存在显著差异(P<0.05),而个体数间差异极显著(P<0.01),其中个体数水平分布表现为人工林>草地>灌木林,类群数依次为灌木林>人工林>草地。在垂直分布上具有明显的表聚性特征,即0~5 cm>5~10 cm>10~15 cm>15~20 cm。[结论]不同生境的中小型土壤动物群落的组成和多样性指标之间存在差异,这与植被类型、人为干扰程度、土壤环境因素等有关。
[Objective] The study aimed to study the diversity characteristics of small and medium-sized soil animal communities under different land use types in urban ecosystem and provide a scientific basis for the biological evaluation of urban soil environmental quality. [Method] The diversity of small-medium-sized soil animal community and its relationship with environmental factors under three habitats of urban forest, shrubbery and grassland in Kyrgyzstan were compared using modified Tullgren separation method. [Result] A total of 5 775 small and medium soil fauna individuals were obtained, belonging to 4 groups, 11 classes and 29 species groups. Among them, the subfamilies Acremonidae (44.73%) and the Mesocercina (20.42%) were the dominant groups, accounting for the total number of individuals 65.14%. (7.79%), Eupolyphaga (7.06%), anterior valve subfamily (7.06%), Verdure (2.55%), Hymenoptera (1.25%), Anopheles (1.04% (1.14%) are common groups, accounting for 27.89% of the total number of individuals. The dominant groups and common groups account for 93.03% of the total number of individuals, and form the main body of small and medium sized soil animals in the urban area. In addition, 20 species of Diptera larvae, Coleoptera larvae, Lepidoptera larvae, arachnids, and Isoptera were rare species, accounting for 6.97% of the total number of individuals. There was significant difference (P <0.05) in the diversity index of soil micro-and small-scale soil fauna under different habitats, but there was a significant difference between individuals (P <0.01). The distribution of individual number showed the plantation> grassland> shrub, The order of shrubs> plantation> grassland. In the vertical distribution, there are obvious characteristics of surface polygons, that is, 0 ~ 5 cm> 5 ~ 10 cm> 10 ~ 15 cm> 15 ~ 20 cm. [Conclusion] There were differences between the composition and diversity index of small and medium soil fauna in different habitats, which were related to vegetation types, human disturbance and soil environmental factors.