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目的:研究汉语听写困难儿童在处理一般图形时视觉的整体和部分加工特点。方法:从三、四、五年级的儿童中,筛选出听写困难儿童22名,同时选择年龄、智力水平相当的对照组儿童24名。实验1采用形状变化探测任务,以由小图形构成的大图形为视觉材料(所有大、小图形均为三角形、圆形、方形或菱形四种形状),要求被试在大图形发生整体变化、部分变化两种条件下作出判断,记录正确率和反应时;实验2采用整体部分同时加工任务,以与实验1类似的视觉材料作为刺激(区别在于所有大图形由与之形状不同的一种小图形构成),要求被试判断大、小图形中是否包含圆形和三角形,记录被试在整体判断和部分判断两种条件下的正确率和反应时。结果:在实验1中,整体变化条件下,听写困难组的正确率和反应时均落后于对照组儿童,部分变化条件下两组被试的差异不具有统计学意义;在实验2中,整体判断条件下,听写困难组的正确率和反应时显著低于对照组,部分判断条件下,两组被试的差异无统计学意义。结论:听写困难儿童在一般视觉材料的处理中表现出整体加工落后、部分加工良好的特点,这与听写困难儿童在汉字学习过程中倾向于一笔一划地书写、无法写出完整字形的表现相符合。
Objective: To study the overall and partial features of visual processing in general Chinese dictation children. Methods: Twenty-four children with dyslexia were screened from three, four and five grade children. Twenty-four children in the control group with the same age and intelligence level were selected. In Experiment 1, the task of shape change detection is to use the large graphic composed of small graphics as the visual material (all the big and small graphics are triangular, circular, square or diamond shapes), and the subjects are required to make overall changes in the large graphic. Partial changes in two conditions to make judgments, recording the correct rate and reaction time; Experiment 2 using the whole part of the simultaneous processing tasks to a visual material similar to Experiment 1 as a stimulus (the difference is that all large graphics by the shape of a small Graphic composition). The subjects are asked to judge whether the large and small figures contain circles and triangles. The correctness and reaction time under the two conditions of overall judgment and partial judgment are recorded. Results: In the experiment 1, under the condition of overall change, the correct rate and reaction time of the dictation group lagged behind those of the control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups under some changes in the whole experiment. In the experiment 2, Judgment conditions, the dictation group the correct rate and response time was significantly lower than the control group, part of the judgment conditions, the two groups were no significant difference between the subjects. Conclusion: Children with dysfunctions show generally under-processed and partly processed well in the processing of general visual materials. Children with dictation tend to write one stroke while studying Chinese characters, and can not write complete character. Match.