战后的中日教科书纠纷,已然为众所周知。而对20世纪上半叶,中日之间围绕中国教科书中的日本记述,曾经发生过数度重大纠纷的史实,学界却鲜有知晓。回顾百年中日关系,可以说不论在战前还是战后,教科书问题都成为影响两国交往的重大问题。战后中日教科书纠纷与战前的最大不同点是战后中国批评日本的教科书歪曲历史,否认侵略战争,而在战前则是日本不断批评并要求中国修改教科书,认为中国的反日运动源于反日教育,反日教育的直接的体现和工具就是教科书。日方战前的这个观点在战后又被一些人所继承。本文拟依据历史文献,在考察五四运动时期中日教科书纠纷的具体过程的基础上,通过对时代背景,文化语境的解读,探讨教科书纠纷的成因及其给中日关系带来的影响。 The post-war Sino-Japanese textbook dispute has become well known. For the first half of the 20th century, there were few historical facts about major Japanese disputes over Sino-Japanese textbooks in Chinese textbooks. Looking back a hundred years of Sino-Japanese relations, we can say that textbook issues have become major issues affecting the exchanges between the two countries, either before or after the war. The biggest difference between postwar Sino-Japanese textbook disputes and the prewar era was that post-war China criticized Japan’s textbooks for distorting history and denying the war of aggression. Before the war, Japan constantly criticized and asked China to revise its textbooks, believing that the anti-Japanese movement originated in China Anti-Japanese education, anti-Japanese education is the direct embodiment and tool is textbook. This view of the Japanese side pre-war was inherited by some people after the war. Based on the historical documents, this article attempts to explore the causes of the textbook disputes and its impact on Sino-Japanese relations through the interpretation of the background and cultural context of the textbooks, based on the investigation of the specific process of Sino-Japanese textbook disputes during the May 4th Movement.