我国古代文论具有辩证灵活的表达方式 ,这是与西方古代文论的不同之处。本文通过晚清文论家刘熙载的个案研究 ,清晰地透视这一特征。其中 ,虚与实、持世与持己、是与异、清空与沈厚、意与法的范畴 ,涉及到我国古代文论的一些重要方面 ,具有一定的理论性和实践性。 The ancient Chinese literary theory has a dialectical and flexible way of expression, which is different from the ancient Western literary theory. This article through the late Qing Dynasty theorist Liu Xizai case study, a clear perspective of this feature. Among them, virtuality and reality, persistence and self-denial are the domains of difference and emptiness, emptiness and deepness, meaning and law, and involve some important aspects of ancient Chinese literary theory. They are of theoretical and practical significance.