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上海市是我国最大的经济中心、工业基地和对外开放的港口城市,在国民经济建设中发挥了重要作用。但上海的防洪能力却与上海的发展建设不相适应。上海市濒江临海,地势低洼,黄浦江、苏州河贯穿市区,但两岸防汛工程老化,防汛标准偏低。现有防风标准已不到百年一遇(即黄浦江苏州河口潮位5.24米)。每年7～9月份,若台风与天文大潮相遇,即形成风暴潮。此时如伴有暴雨及上游洪流,则险情频生。1989年8月4日凌晨3时,黄浦江苏州河口潮位高达5.04米,高出南京路路面1.54米,黄浦江防汛墙边出现轮船浮在马路之上的奇观。近十几年来,黄浦江高潮位出现已不罕见,且周期一次比一次短。1962年,黄浦江苏州河口水位曾达4.76米,1974年达4.98米,均超出4.40米的警戒水位。更有甚者,1981年9月1日,黄浦江出现5.22米的高潮位,直逼外
Shanghai is China’s largest economic center, an industrial base and a port city open to the outside world. It has played an important role in the national economic construction. However, Shanghai’s flood control capabilities are incompatible with the development and construction of Shanghai. Shanghai has sea-facing rivers, low-lying terrain, Huangpu River and Suzhou River running through the urban area. However, flood control projects in the two sides are aging and flood control standards are low. The current standard of wind protection is less than once a century (that is, the tide level of 5.24 meters in the estuary of the Huangpu River in Suzhou). From July to September every year, if a typhoon meets the astronomical tide, a storm surge forms. At this moment, if there is heavy rain and upstream torrent, the danger will be frequent. At 3:00 a.m. on August 4, 1989, the tidal level of the Suzhou estuary of the Huangpu River reached 5.04 meters, 1.54 meters above the surface of Nanjing Road. The spectacular sight of ships floating above the road was found on the flood wall of Huangpu River. In the past ten years or so, it is not uncommon for the Huangpu River high tide area to appear, and the period is shorter than once. In 1962, the water level of the Suzhou estuary of the Huangpu River had reached 4.76 meters and reached 4.98 meters in 1974, all exceeding the warning water level of 4.40 meters. What is more, on September 1, 1981, the Huangpu River peak of 5.22 meters, almost equal to the outside