提升居民消费率是构建扩大内需长效机制的关键。基于产业结构变迁模型研究发现,在产业结构升级过程中,随着人均收入的增长,居民消费率呈先降后升的U型演进规律。我国居民消费率虽然遵循这一规律,且在工业化进程中,居民消费率将长期处于下行空间,但还存在居民消费率相对于同一收入水平下的世界平均值显著偏低这一特殊性。其原因主要在于我国城市化率偏低,产业合理化水平有待提高。因此,提升居民消费率,长期主要需依靠持续的产业升级推动经济增长,而中短期可将加速城市化进程、促进各产业均衡发展作为政策重点。 Raising resident consumption rate is the key to building a long-term mechanism to expand domestic demand. Based on the study of the industrial structure change model, it is found that in the process of upgrading the industrial structure, with the increase of per capita income, the consumer consumption rate is U-shaped evolving law which first and then increases. Although China’s resident consumption rate follows this law and the rate of household consumption will stay long in the process of industrialization, there is a peculiarity that the consumption rate of residents is significantly lower than the world average at the same income level. The main reason is that the urbanization rate in our country is low and the level of industrial rationalization needs to be improved. Therefore, to enhance the consumption rate of residents, long-term economic growth depends mainly on sustained industrial upgrading. In the short to medium term, the acceleration of urbanization and the balanced development of various industries should be the focus of the policy.