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我国是世界上缺水国家之一,人均占有年径流量仅为世界人均量的四分之一。由于地理、气候特征,我国缺水矛盾主要集中在北方。如京津冀地区当前平水年缺水68亿立方米,到1990和2000年缺水将分别达到82亿立方米和150立方米。山东省当前水供需缺口达153亿立方米,占整个需水计划的44％。水已成为北方经济发展的突出制约条件。当前,人们对如何缓解北方水矛盾提出了许多方案,主要分为两类,即调水与节水。调水主要指南水北调,除调引长江水东线的方案之外,还有计划在长江中游和上游调水向北的中线和西线方案。东线方案正在审批,实施还有一个过程,其他方案尚在进行前期或超前期工作,近期难以实
Our country is one of the water-scarcer countries in the world, and annual runoff per capita is only one quarter of the world average. Due to geographical and climatic features, the contradiction between water shortage and water shortage in our country mainly lies in the north. For example, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region currently has 6.8 billion cubic meters of water deficit in normal years and will have 8.2 billion cubic meters and 150 cubic meters of water shortage in 1990 and 2000 respectively. The current shortfall in water supply and demand in Shandong Province amounts to 15.3 billion cubic meters, accounting for 44% of the entire water demand plan. Water has become a prominent constraint on economic development in the north. At present, many proposals are made on how to alleviate the contradiction between water resources in the north and fall into two categories: water diversion and water saving. The main guideline for water diversion is the North Water Diversion Project. In addition to the proposal of rerouting the waterfront of the Yangtze River, there are plans for the mid-route and the western route planning to transfer water northwards in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The East Line Program is undergoing examination and approval and there is still a process for its implementation. Other programs are still undergoing pre-phase or early-stage work and are hard to be implemented in the near future