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乌鲁木齐是清朝和中亚哈萨克汗国之间最早的贸易地点。清廷选择乌鲁木齐作为贸易地点的决策过程分为初期决议和二次决策两个阶段。初期决议基于乌鲁木齐屯田、距离吐鲁番较近这两个因素,将贸易地点定在乌鲁木齐。二次决策是指在权衡改变原定贸易地点的代价之后,强化了初期决议的结果。乌鲁木齐屯田对选择贸易地点的影响最大,基于新疆开发战略背景下的乌鲁木齐屯田所需耕畜的缺乏,是乌鲁木齐屯田能够决定贸易地点所在的直接原因。当乌鲁木齐作为清廷向伊犁进发的战略跳板地位实现后,再加上在伊犁、塔尔巴哈台开辟了与哈萨克的新的贸易地点,乌鲁木齐的清哈贸易便被取消了。
Urumqi is the earliest trade location between the Qing Dynasty and the Kazakh nation in Central Asia. Qing court choose Urumqi as the trading place of the decision-making process is divided into two stages of the initial resolution and the second decision-making. The initial resolution was based on the two factors of Tuntian, Urumqi and the closer to Turpan, setting the place of business in Urumqi. Second-order decision-making is the result of weighing the initial settlement of trade after the price of the original change, the result of the initial resolution. Urumqi Tuntian has the most influence on the choice of trade location. The lack of livestock for Urumqi’s Tuntian based on the Xinjiang’s development strategy is the direct reason why Urumqi Tuntian can determine where the trade is. After Urumqi became the strategic springboard for the Qing government’s departure to Ili and the opening of a new trading place with Kazakhstan in Ili and Talbahata, the Qinghai-Kazakh trade in Urumqi was canceled.