人民检察院有权对人民法院错误的判决和裁定提出抗诉,是民事诉讼法赋予检察机关的一项重要职权。正确认识并运用抗诉权,对于维护国家法律的统一正确实施,提高人民法院的民事审判质量,维护公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益,有着重要的意义。本文就民事案件抗诉权的若干问题作一次探讨。一、抗诉权的性质和特征民事诉讼法第14条规定,人民检察院有权对民事审判活动实行法律监督。民事诉讼法第185条具体规定了人民检察院对人民法院已经发生法律效力的裁判提出抗诉的四种情形。以上规定说明,民事案件抗诉权是国家权力之一的监督权的重要组成部分。也就是说,抗诉权是一种对人民法院民事裁判合法性进行审查的监督权。抗诉权具有以下三个特征:1.法定性。民事案件抗诉权依法只能由人民检察院行使,其他任何机关、团体和个人都不得行使。同时也说明,人民检察院对人民法院错误的判决和裁定应当依法履行法律监督职责,提出抗诉,不能置之不理。2.规范性。人民检察院对人民法院错误的判决和裁定一经提出抗诉,根据民事诉讼法第183条、第186条、第187条、第188条规定,就产生四个规范作用:一是引起审判监督程序的开始,即再审程序的开始。二是原判决和裁定中止执行。三是人民法院再审时,应当通知人民检察院派员出席法庭。四是人民检察院应当制作 The People’s Procuratorate has the right to protest the wrong verdict and ruling of the people’s court, which is an important power conferred on the procuratorial organ by the Civil Procedure Law. Correctly understanding and using the right of protest is of great significance to safeguarding the unity and correct implementation of national laws, improving the quality of civil trials in the people’s courts, and safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons and other organizations. This article discusses some issues of protest right in civil cases. First, the nature and characteristics of the right to protest Article 14 of the Civil Procedure Law, the People’s Procuratorate has the power to exercise legal supervision of civil trial activities. Article 185 of the Code of Civil Procedure specifically stipulates the four situations in which the people’s procuratorate has initiated a protest against a verdict that has already been legally enforced by a people’s court. The above stipulations show that the right of protest in civil cases is an important part of the supervisory power of one of the state powers. In other words, the right to protest is a right to supervise the legality of civil judgments in people’s courts. Right to protest has the following three characteristics: 1. Legal nature. The right of protest in civil cases can only be exercised by the people’s procuratorate according to law, and no other organ, organization or individual may exercise such right. At the same time, it also shows that the people’s procuratorate’s right to make judgments and rulings on the people’s courts in accordance with the law should be lawful and supervisory, and protestations can not be ignored. 2. Normative. People’s Procuratorate, upon the wrong verdict and ruling of the people’s court, has filed a protest. According to Article 183, Article 186, Article 187 and Article 188 of the Code of Civil Procedure, there are four normative functions: First, the commencement of judicial supervision proceedings , That is, the beginning of the retrial proceedings. Second, the original verdict and ruling to suspend the implementation. Third, when retrial is conducted by a people’s court, it shall notify the people’s procuratorate to dispatch personnel to attend the court. Fourth, people’s procuratorate should make