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目的检测广州市农田黄毛鼠对第一代抗凝血杀鼠剂的抗药性发生状况,研究黄毛鼠对毒饵及无毒饵的回避行为,为鼠害控制提供依据。方法采用全国鼠类抗药性监测协作组统一方法进行抗性检测,采用连续攻毒试验进行回避行为研究。结果广州市黄毛鼠对第一代抗凝血杀鼠剂的抗性发生率高达83.33%,黄毛鼠对杀鼠灵毒饵具有明显的回避行为,拒食鼠占试鼠总数的30.00%;对抗性检测后存活鼠进行连续攻毒试验以及无毒饵试验,每次试验期间,随着时间的推移,黄毛鼠对毒饵的拒食率总体呈下降趋势,而对无毒饵的回避行为变化趋势不明显;随着攻毒次数的增加,黄毛鼠中拒食个体所占比例越来越高,试鼠对无毒饵的拒食程度甚至超过首次攻毒试验中对毒饵的拒食;而且黄毛鼠对毒饵的日食量越来越少,差异有统计学意义,即使攻毒结束后改喂无毒饵,黄毛鼠的日食量仍低于第一、二次攻毒时的日食量。结论广州市黄毛鼠对毒饵甚至无毒饵的回避行为表明其对第一代抗凝血杀鼠剂已产生行为抗性,将是鼠害防控领域面临的一大挑战,此研究对灭鼠实践中提高灭鼠效果具有重要的指导意义。
Objective To detect the resistance of farmland rodents to first-generation anticoagulant rodenticides in Guangzhou, and to study the avoidance behavior of rodents on poisonous baits and non-toxic bait. Methods The resistance test was carried out by a unified method of the National Collaborating Group for Resistance Evaluation of Rodents and the study of avoidance behavior by continuous challenge test. Results The incidence of resistance to first-generation anticoagulant rodenticides was as high as 83.33% in Guangzhou rhesus rat. Rattus rat showed obvious evasion behavior against warfarin-induced bait, and 30.00% After the sex test, the surviving mice were challenged continuously and the non-toxic baits were tested. During each test period, the antifeedant rate of the rodents decreased with the passage of time, while the evasion behavior of the non-toxic bait was not obvious ; With the increase in the number of attacks, the proportion of anti-feeding individuals in Rattus rat is higher and higher, the antifeedant rate of non-toxic bait mice even more than the antifeedant to the poison bait in the first challenge test; Less and less solar eclipse, the difference was statistically significant, even after the end of the challenge to change the non-toxic bait, rodent eclipse amount is still lower than the first and second attack when the eclipse of the amount of food. Conclusion The avoidance behavior of Guangzhou ruminants on baits or even non-toxic baits indicates that they have become behavioral resistance to the first-generation anticoagulant rodenticides and will be a major challenge in the field of rodent control. In practice, it has an important guiding significance to improve the anti-rat effect.