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为明确小麦淀粉品质与生态条件、氮肥运筹及其互作的关系,在四川生态条件差异较大的仁寿(丘陵麦区)、广汉(平原麦区)、西昌(山地麦区)3个生态点,通过二因素随机区组试验,研究了两个施氮量(120、180kg·hm-2)、3种施肥方式(底肥一道清;底肥∶苗肥=7∶3;底肥∶拔节肥=6∶4)对四川主推小麦品种川麦104淀粉RVA谱特征参数的影响。结果表明,生态条件对小麦淀粉RVA谱特征参数有极显著的主效应;120kg·hm-2施氮量下小麦淀粉崩解值显著高于对照(不施肥)和180kg·hm-2施氮处理;底肥∶拔节肥=6∶4处理显著提高了淀粉最终黏度。生态点×施氮量的互作对淀粉的高峰黏度、低谷黏度和最终黏度影响极显著,生态点×施氮量×施肥方式的互作对淀粉的最终黏度影响极显著。小麦淀粉RVA谱特征参数基本与海拔和生育期总降水量负相关,与生育期积温正相关,但孕穗-开花期较低的日平均温度和适度的降水对形成优质淀粉有利。不同生态点比较,小麦淀粉RVA谱特征参数均以广汉点最大,仁寿次之,西昌最小。广汉点小麦的淀粉品质较好,更适合于面条加工;仁寿点在120kg·hm-2施氮量下淀粉品质较优。
In order to clarify the relationship between wheat starch quality and ecological conditions, nitrogen fertilizer operation and their interaction, three ecological points, namely, Renshou (hilly wheat), Guanghan (plain wheat), Xichang (wheat wheat) Two nitrogen application rates (120,180 kg · hm-2) and three kinds of fertilization methods (one combination of base fertilizer and one basement fertilizer; base fertilizer: Miao fertilizer = 7: 3; base fertilizer: jointing fertilizer = 6 : 4) on the RVA profile of the main wheat variety Chuanmai 104 in Sichuan province. The results showed that the ecological conditions had a very significant main effect on the characteristic parameters of wheat starch RVA profile; the starch breakdown value of wheat at 120 kg · hm-2 nitrogen application rate was significantly higher than that of the control (no fertilization) and 180 kg · hm-2 nitrogen application ; Base fertilizer: jointing fertilizer = 6: 4 treatment significantly increased the final viscosity of starch. The interaction of ecological point × nitrogen application had a significant effect on the peak viscosity, valley viscosity and final viscosity of starch. The interaction of ecological point × nitrogen application rate × fertilization mode had a significant effect on the final viscosity of starch. The characteristics of wheat starch RVA profile were basically negatively correlated with the total precipitation at altitude and growth period, but positively correlated with the accumulated temperature during growth stage. However, the lower average daily temperature and moderate precipitation at wheat booting stage were favorable for the formation of high quality starch. Compared with different ecological points, the characteristic parameters of wheat starch RVA spectrum were the largest in Guanghan, the second in Renshou and the smallest in Xichang. The starch quality of Guanghan point wheat is better, which is more suitable for the processing of noodles. The starch quality of Renshou point under 120 kg · hm-2 N application is better.