目的评价中山市儿童实施国家扩大免疫规划后的疫苗接种情况及其影响因素。方法 2012年采用容量比例概率抽样(PPS),对9~48月龄常住儿童的建证、入册情况,卡介苗、脊髓灰质炎、百白破、乙型肝炎(乙肝)、麻疹、乙型脑炎(乙脑)、“六苗”全程及甲肝、流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)的接种情况进行评价。调查儿童家长对接种疫苗认知情况及其未接种原因。结果共抽查中山市常住儿童417人,其中流动儿童155人(37.2%)。建证率为98.3%(410/417),入册率为97.1%(405/417)。“六苗”基础免疫接种率分别为卡介苗98.1%(409/417),脊髓灰质炎96.6%(403/417),百白破94.2%(393/417),乙肝95.2%(397/417),麻疹92.6%(386/417),乙脑90.4%(377/417)。加强免疫疫苗接种率分别为百白破74.4%(116/156),麻疹77.6%(121/156),乙脑55.7%(87/156)。扩大免疫疫苗接种率为甲肝49.7%(140/282),流脑77.2%(203/263)。麻疹和乙肝疫苗首针及时接种率分别为45.6%(190/417)、86.3%(360/417)。流动儿童“六苗”接种率为77.4%(120/155),低于该地户籍儿童85.5%(224/262)(χ2=4.399,P<0.05)。55名儿童未种或未全程接种,其主要原因为没有时间(47.27%)、忘记(20.00%)和因病(12.73%)。结论中山市儿童基础免疫接种率较高,加强免疫接种率、乙肝和麻疹首针及时接种率均偏低。该地户籍儿童接种率高于流动儿童,应加强流动儿童预防接种的管理和加大对国家免疫规划政策的宣传。 Objective To evaluate the vaccination situation and its influencing factors after the implementation of the national expanded immunization program in Zhongshan City. Methods The volume of probabilistic sampling (PPS) in 2012 was used to evaluate the establishment, enrollment, BCG, polio, diphtheria, hepatitis B (hepatitis B), measles, Inflammation (JE), “Six seedlings ” throughout and hepatitis A, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis (meningitis) vaccination were evaluated. Investigate the cognition of children’s parents about vaccination and the reason of their unvaccination. Results A total of 417 resident children were surveyed in Zhongshan City, including 155 migrant children (37.2%). The rate of establishing certificates was 98.3% (410/417), and the enrollment rate was 97.1% (405/417). The basic immunization rates for “six seedlings” were 98.1% (409/417) for BCG, 96.6% (403/417) for poliomyelitis, 94.2% (393/417) for daphnia and 95.2% for hepatitis B (397/417 ), Measles 92.6% (386/417) and JE 90.4% (377/417). The vaccination rate of intensive immunization was 74.4% (116/156), measles 77.6% (121/156) and JE 55.7% (87/156) respectively. The vaccination rate was 49.7% (140/282) for hepatitis A and 77.2% (203/263) for meningococcal infection. Measles and hepatitis B vaccine first needle timely vaccination rates were 45.6% (190/417), 86.3% (360/417). The vaccination rate of floating children and “six seedlings” was 77.4% (120/155), which was lower than 85.5% (224/262) of the registered children (χ2 = 4.399, P <0.05). 55 children were not vaccinated or not fully vaccinated. The main reason is that there is no time (47.27%), forgetting (20.00%) and illness (12.73%). Conclusion The basic immunization rate of children in Zhongshan City is relatively high. The immunization coverage rate and the timely vaccination rate of hepatitis B and measles are low. The coverage rate of census children in this area is higher than that of migrant children, the management of vaccination of migrant children should be strengthened and the propaganda of national immunization planning policies should be strengthened.