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目的了解佳木斯市流感病毒的型别,为流感的防控提供科学依据。方法采集佳木斯市两所哨点医院的流感样病例咽拭子标本,接种狗肾传代(MDCK)细胞进行病毒分离,用血凝抑制实验(HI)进行病毒型别鉴定。结果 2012年10月-2015年3月,共检测流感样病例2 606份,分离出阳性毒株108株,H1N1亚型46株,H3N2亚型51株,B亚型11株。3年阳性率之间,差异无统计学意义(P=0.135)。H1N1亚型在2012年10月-2014年3月构成比降低,2014年10月-2015年3月未分离出。H3N2亚型毒株构成比逐年上升。B亚型毒株在2013年10月-2015年3月构成比由5.00%上升到24.32%。病毒分离率高的月份在1月、2月和12月。年龄分布主要在0岁~和5岁~年龄组。结论 2012年-2015年佳木斯市流感病毒分离率无明显变化,甲型H1N1亚型逐年降低,季节性H3N2亚型逐年上升,B亚型有升高的趋势,流感的易感人群是婴幼儿和青少年,应加强冬春季节的流感防治工作。
Objective To understand the type of influenza virus in Jiamusi and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of influenza. Methods Throat swab specimens were collected from two sentinel hospitals in Jiamusi City. MDCK cells were inoculated to isolate the virus and the virus type was identified by HI test. Results From October 2012 to March 2015, a total of 2 606 flu-like cases were detected. 108 positive isolates, 46 H1N1 subtypes, 51 H3N2 subtypes and 11 B subtypes were isolated. The positive rate of 3 years had no significant difference (P = 0.135). H1N1 subtype decreased from October 2012 to March 2014, and was not separated from October 2014 to March 2015. H3N2 subtype strains increased year by year. The subtype B strain increased from 5.00% to 24.32% in October 2013-March 2015 composition. Months with high rates of virus isolation are in January, February and December. Age distribution mainly in 0 years old and 5 years old ~ age group. Conclusion There was no significant change in the isolation rate of influenza viruses in Jiamusi City from 2012 to 2015, the H1N1 subtype was decreased year by year, the seasonal H3N2 subtype was increased year by year, while the B subtype was increased. The influenza susceptible population was infants and young children Youth and adolescents should strengthen influenza prevention and control in winter and spring.