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1881年Pasteur将狂犬病患儿的唾液接种于小白鼠,从鼠血中首先分离到肺炎球菌。1886年Weichselbaum发现该菌是人大叶性肺炎的主要致病菌。本世纪早期,南非金矿工人中肺炎球菌肺炎流行,死亡率极高,以至于威胁到金矿工业。1911年伤寒疫苗的发明人Wright首先研制出灭活的肺炎球菌菌苗,5万名矿工接种后发病率和死亡率均明显降低。因肺炎球菌根据荚膜多糖不同可分若干血清型(目前至少已分84型),
In 1881, Pasteur inoculated saliva from rabies patients to mice, and pneumococci were isolated from rat blood first. 1886 Weichselbaum found that the bacteria is the main pathogen of human leaf-type pneumonia. Earlier this century, South Africa’s gold miners pneumococcal pneumonia epidemic, the high mortality rate, which threatened the gold industry. Wright, the inventor of the 1911 typhoid vaccine, first developed an inactivated pneumococcal vaccine, and the morbidity and mortality of 50,000 miners after vaccination were significantly reduced. Due to different types of pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide can be divided into several serotypes (currently at least divided into 84 type)