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骨髓基质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)具有分化为多种细胞的潜能,可以从鼠和人的骨髓中获得,可以通过多种途径植入脑内。MSCs可以选择性地靶向作用于损伤组织,激活内源性的反应机制,从而促进神经系统损伤功能的恢复。在供、受体之间可能存在几种作用机制,包括:受体对植入MSCs的免疫应答、指导MSCs在受体内分化和向损伤靶点的归巢机制以及局部微环境的作用。MSCs植入可以看作是一种有极大潜力的治疗神经系统疾病的细胞疗法,目前在临床前和部分临床试验中用于包括脑和脊髓损伤、脑缺血、神经系统变性疾病的治疗。本文对近期MSCs在神经系统疾病的应用简要综述如下。
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to differentiate into many kinds of cells and can be obtained from the bone marrow of mice and humans and can be implanted into the brain through various ways. MSCs can selectively target the injured tissue and activate the endogenous reaction mechanism, thus promoting the recovery of nervous system injury. There are several mechanisms of action between donor and recipient, including the immune response of the recipient to MSCs, the mechanism of homing MSCs in the recipient and the homing mechanism to damage targets, and the local microenvironment. MSCs implantation can be regarded as a potential cellular therapy for the treatment of nervous system diseases and is currently used in preclinical and in some clinical trials for the treatment of brain and spinal cord injury, cerebral ischemia, and neurodegenerative diseases. This article is a brief overview of recent applications of MSCs in neurological diseases.