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目的调查2011-2013年广州地区7种主要腹泻病毒的流行状况和特点。方法收集2011-2013年广州地区腹泻患者粪便标本1 587份,采用ELISA检测粪便标本中A组轮状病毒抗原,用荧光定量RT-PCR的方法对采集的粪便标本进行6种病毒核酸检测,结合病人的临床资料进行病原学特征分析。结果 1 587份粪便标本中571例检出为腹泻病毒阳性,检出率为35.98%,主要腹泻病毒的检出率分别为:A组轮状病毒18.15%(288/1 587)、诺如病毒12.10%(192/1 587)、腺病毒6.87%(109/1 587)、星状病毒1.83%(29/1 587)、札如病毒0.69%(11/1 587)、B组轮状病毒0.25%和C组0.19%;腹泻病毒在1~岁婴幼儿和75~93岁老人腹泻病毒的总检出率最高,分别为57.57%和51.65%,在7~15岁少年检出率降到最低24.36%;<3岁婴幼儿、3~74岁人群、75~93岁老人组检出率分别为43.62%、30.66%、51.56%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);男女检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);腹泻病毒全年均可检出,夏季以诺如病毒感染为主而秋冬季以A组轮状病毒感染为主。结论 2011-2013年间广州地区腹泻病毒发病率较高,全年均有检出;发病率无性别差异;流行高峰出现在3月份;3岁以下幼儿和75岁以上老人是腹泻病毒监测的重点人群。
Objective To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of seven major diarrhea viruses in Guangzhou from 2011 to 2013. Methods A total of 1 587 stool specimens from diarrhea patients in Guangzhou area were collected from 2011 to 2013. A group of rotavirus antigen in stool samples was detected by ELISA. Six virus nucleic acids were detected by quantitative RT-PCR. The patient’s clinical data were analyzed for etiological characteristics. Results 571 out of 1 587 stool specimens were positive for diarrhea virus with a detection rate of 35.98%. The detection rates of major diarrhea viruses were 18.15% (288/1 587) in group A, norovirus 12.10% (192/1 587), adenovirus 6.87% (109/1 587), astrovirus 1.83% (29/1 587), Sapporo virus 0.69% (11/1 587), group B rotavirus 0.25 % And C group 0.19%. The total detection rate of diarrhea virus in diarrhea virus of 1 ~ year old and 75 ~ 93 year old was the highest, accounting for 57.57% and 51.65%, respectively. The detection rate of diarrhea virus in 7 ~ 15 year old was the lowest 24.36%, respectively. The detection rates of infants and young children aged 3 years, aged 3 ~ 74 years and those aged 75 ~ 93 years old were 43.62%, 30.66% and 51.56% respectively, with significant difference (P <0.05) The difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05); diarrhea virus can be detected throughout the year, norovirus infection in summer and autumn and winter rotavirus group A mainly. Conclusions The prevalence of diarrhea virus in Guangzhou was high during 2011-2013 and was detected throughout the year. The incidence rate was no gender difference. The peak of epidemic occurred in March. The children under 3 years of age and the elderly over 75 years old were the key population of diarrhea virus surveillance .