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目的 对浙江省腹泻儿童进行隐孢子虫的病原学诊断及感染情况分析。方法 从浙江大学附属儿童医院收集腹泻儿童粪便５４８ 份，每份样本先用改良抗酸染色法检查卵囊，发现阳性或可疑标本，再用免疫荧光染色法进一步确诊。结果 两种染色方法结合诊断共发现５７ 例阳性病人，隐孢子虫感染率为１０－４％ ，男女之间感染率无显著性差异（χ２ ＝ ０－００７，Ｐ＞ ０－０５），其中１ 岁以下婴儿感染率为５－７ ％ ，１ ～１０ 岁儿童感染率为１７－５％ ，两者之间存在显著性差异（χ２ ＝ １９－６９ ，Ｐ＜ ０－０５）。结论 改良抗酸染色法与免疫荧光染色法结合诊断能达到隐孢子虫确诊目的，由感染情况分析可得浙江省腹泻儿童中有较高的隐孢子虫感染率，其中１ 岁以下儿童感染率较１ 岁以上儿童明显降低，可能与１ 岁以下婴儿多母乳喂养有关。
Objective To analyze the etiological diagnosis and infection of Cryptosporidium in children with diarrhea in Zhejiang Province. Methods A total of 548 excrement samples from diarrhea children were collected from Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University. Each sample was examined by modified acid-fast staining method for oocysts, and positive or suspicious samples were found, and then further confirmed by immunofluorescence staining. Results A total of 57 positive patients were found by the combination of the two staining methods. The infection rate of Cryptosporidium was 10-4%. There was no significant difference between male and female (χ2 = 0-007, P> 0-05) The infection rate of infants under the age of 5-7%, 1-10 years old children infection rate was 17-5%, there was a significant difference between the two (χ2 = 19-69, P <0-05). Conclusion Improved acid-fast staining and immunofluorescence staining combined with the diagnosis of Cryptosporidium can achieve the purpose of diagnosis, from the analysis of infection can be obtained in Zhejiang Province, diarrhea children have a higher prevalence of Cryptosporidium, of which children under 1 year of infection rate Significantly lower children over the age of 1 may be related to breastfeeding more than 1 year old infants.