一、国外职业教育现状美国职业教育现状。在美国,实施专科层次技术与职业教育的机构有两种,一是独立设置在社区学院,二是附设在大学的技术学院。两者教育层次、培养规格上差别不大,但学校规模、教育功能以及办学机制等方面相距甚远。社区学院的前身为本世纪初创建的初级学院,由社区举办和管理,并以为社区的社会、经济服务而得名。30-40年代,社区学院得到较快发展。60-70年代职业教育得到飞速发展,由此确定了职业教育在教育中的地位。80年代末至90年代初,迫于国际经济竞争 First, the status quo of vocational education in the United States The status quo of vocational education in the United States. In the United States, there are two kinds of institutions for implementing technical and vocational education at the specialist level: one is to set up an independent college community college and the other is to set up a technical college at a university. There is not much difference between the education levels and the training standards, but the school scale, educational functions and school running mechanism are far apart. The community college, formerly known as the Junior Academy, founded in the early 2000s, is run and managed by the community and is named after its social and economic services. From the 30s to the 40s, community colleges developed rapidly. During the 1960s and 1970s, the rapid development of vocational education, which determines the status of vocational education in education. The late 1980s to early 1990s, forced by the international economic competition