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为开发具有抗菌性能的超纯铁素体不锈钢,添加1.4%Cu于21%Cr铁素体不锈钢,研究了退火时间对试验钢组织、抗菌性能以及力学性能的影响。利用光学显微镜和透射电镜等微观分析方法对不同退火工艺试验钢进行了组织结构表征,利用电子背散射衍射测量了试验钢的微观织构,通过拉伸试验机测试了钢的拉伸性能。结果表明,退火时间1 h后,抗菌性能超过99%,屈服强度347 MPa,抗拉强度488 MPa,伸长率29.2%。随着退火时间的延长,析出相形貌由球状转变为杆状,尺寸增大,间距减小。试验钢的抗菌性能与铜的存在形式、析出量及形态有关,尺寸为500 nm左右的杆状铜析出相具有优良的抗菌效果。试验钢退火1 min时,析出相与基体呈半共格关系,强化作用最强。试验钢的第二相的临界转化尺寸为30 nm。
In order to develop ultrapure ferritic stainless steel with antimicrobial properties, 1.4% Cu was added to 21% Cr ferritic stainless steel to study the effect of annealing time on microstructure, antibacterial and mechanical properties of the test steel. The microstructures of test steels with different annealing processes were characterized by means of microscopic analysis such as optical microscope and transmission electron microscope. The microstructure of test steels was measured by electron backscatter diffraction. The tensile properties of steels were tested by tensile testing machine. The results showed that the antibacterial performance exceeded 99%, yield strength 347 MPa, tensile strength 488 MPa and elongation 29.2% after annealing time 1 h. With the extension of annealing time, the morphologies of the precipitated phases changed from spherical to rod-shaped, the size increased and the spacing decreased. The antibacterial properties of the test steel and the existence of copper form, the amount of precipitation and morphology, the size of about 500 nm rod-shaped copper precipitation phase has excellent antibacterial effect. When the test steel is annealed for 1 min, the precipitated phase exhibits a semi-coherent relationship with the matrix, with the strongest strengthening effect. The critical transformation size of the second phase of the test steel was 30 nm.